Engineers* and Firemen's License Law 




Boiler Inspection Law 



Rules formulated by the Board 
of Boiler Rules 



BOSTON 

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO.. STATE PRINTERS 

18 POST OFFICE SQUARE 

1909 



VVclS'S. . VfcW-S . sV«\v\\ft£ sAc 



THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS 




ENGINEERS' AND FIREMEN'S LICENSE LAW 



Boiler inspection Law 



Rules formulated by the Board 
of Boiler Rules 



BOSTON 

WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS 

18 POST OFFICE SQUARE 

1909 



D« OF D. 

JAN 25 1910. 



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CONTENTS. 



Engineers' and Firemen's License Law, . 

Boiler Inspection Law, ...... 

Rules formulated by the Board of Boiler Rules, 
Recommendations made by the Board of Boiler Rules, 
Index to Rules, ....... 



PAGE 

v-viii 



. 1X-XT1 

. 1-52 
. 53, 54 
. 55-67 



©f)e Comtnontoealit) of fflaBmttyimttz. 



ENGINEERS' AND FIREMEN'S LICENSE LAW. 



Sections 78 to 86 inclusive of Chapter 102 of the Eevised Laws 
and Amendments relative to the Licensing of Engineers 
and Firemen. 

Section 78. (As amended ly chapter 373, Acts of 1907, talcing effect 
September 1, 1907.) ~No person shall have charge of or operate a steam 
boiler or engine in this commonwealth, except boilers and License re- 
engines upon locomotives, motor road vehicles, boilers and quire 
engines in private residences, boilers in apartment houses of less than 
five flats, boilers and engines under the jurisdiction of the United States, 
boilers and engines used for agricultural purposes exclu- certain 
sively, boilers and engines of less than eight horse power, e ngines a ex- 
and boilers used for heating purposes exclusively which are emp ' 
provided with a device approved by the chief of the district police limit- 
ing the pressure carried to fifteen pounds to the square inch, unless he 
holds a license as hereinafter provided. The owner or user 

Owner or 

of a steam boiler or engine, other than boilers or engines user allowed 

one week, 
above excepted, shall not operate or cause to be operated a 

steam boiler or engine for a period of more than one week, unless the 

person in charge of and operating it is duly licensed. 

Section 79. If such steam engine or boiler is found to be in charge 
of or operated by a person who is not a duly licensed engineer or fire- 
man and, after a lapse of one week from such time, it is Evidence of 
again found to be operated by a person who is not duly v ° a 10n " 
licensed, it shall be deemed prima facie evidence of a violation of the 
provisions of the preceding section. 

Section 80. The words " have charge " or " in charge", in the two 

preceding sections, shall designate the person under whose supervision 

a boiler or engine is operated. The person operating shall 

v, A j. 1 f* a n i 4- 11 Designation. 

be understood to mean any and all persons who are actually 

engaged in generating steam in a power boiler. 



vi Revised Laws, Chap. 102. — Sects. 81, 82. 

Section 81. (As amended by chapter 310, Acts of 1905.) Whoever 
Application desires to act as engineer or fireman shall apply for a license 
o e ma e. therefor to the examiner of engineers for the city or town 
in which he resides or is employed, upon blanks to be furnished by the 
Application examiner. The application shall be accompanied by a fee 
of one dollar and shall show his total experience. Wilful 
a si ca on. f a i s ifi ca ti n in the matter of statements contained in the 
application shall be deemed sufficient cause for the revocation of said 
Practical ex- license at any time. The applicant shall be given a practi- 
amma ion. cg j exam j na ti n and, if found competent and trustworthy, 
he shall receive, within six days after the examination, a license graded 
according to the merits of his examination, irrespective of the grade of 
license for which he applies. The applicant shall have the privilege 
of having one person present during his examination, who shall take no 
Ninety days part in the same, but who may take notes if he so desires. 
tween P exam- No person shall be entitled to receive more than one exami- 
ma ions. nation within ninety days, except in the case of an appeal 

as hereinafter provided. A license shall continue in force for three 
years, or until it is revoked for the incompetence or untrustworthiness 
of the licensee ; and a license shall remain revoked until a new license 
Renewal of is granted. A license, unless revoked, shall be renewed by 
license. an exam j ner f engineers upon application and without ex- 

amination, if the application for renewal is made within six months 
after its expiration. If a new license of a different grade is issued, the 
old license shall be destroyed in the presence of the exam- 
iner- If a license is lost by fire or other means, a new 
license shall be issued in its place, without re-examination of the 
licensee, upon satisfactory proof of such loss to an examiner. 

Section 82. (As amended by chapter 373, Acts of 1907, taking effect 
September 1, 1907.) Licenses shall be granted according to the com- 
ciassmcation petence of the applicant and shall be distributed in the fol- 
of licenses. lowing classes: — Engineers' licenses: — First class, to have 
charge of and operate any steam plant. Second class, to have charge 
of and operate a boiler or boilers, and to have charge of and operate 
engines, no one of which , shall exceed one hundred and fifty horse 
power, or to operate a first class plant under the engineer in direct 
charge of the plant. Third class, to have charge of and operate a 
boiler or boilers not exceeding in the aggregate one hundred and fifty 
horse power, and an engine not exceeding fifty horse power, or to oper- 
ate a second class plant under the engineer in direct charge of the 
plant. Fourth class, to have charge of and operate hoisting and por- 
table engines and boilers. Firemen's licenses: — Extra first class, to 
have charge of and operate any boiler or boilers. First class, to have 



Revised Laws, Chap. 102. — Sects. 83-85. vii 

charge of and operate any boiler or boilers where the pressure carried 
does not exceed twenty-five pounds to the square inch, or to operate 
high pressure boilers under the engineer or fireman in direct charge 
thereof. Second class, to operate any boiler or boilers under the engi- 
neer or fireman in direct charge thereof. Any person holding a first 
class or second class fireman's license at the time of the passage of this 
act shall receive a first class fireman's license under this act. A person 
holding an extra first or first class fireman's license may operate a third 
class plant under the engineer in direct charge of the plant. A person 
holding an engineer's or fireman's license who desires to special 
have charge of or to operate a particular steam plant or lcense# 
type of plant may, providing he holds an engineer's or fireman's license, 
if he files with his application a written request signed by the owner or 
user of said plant for such examination, be examined as to his compe- 
tence for such service and no other, and if found competent and trust- 
worthy shall be granted a license for such service and no 

. . . Limitation. 

other. No special license shall be granted to give any per- 
son charge of a plant over one hundred and fifty horse power. 

Section 83. The horse power of a boiler shall be ascertained upon 
the basis of three horse power for each square foot of grate surface, for 
a power boiler, and on the basis of one and one-half horse Boiler horse 
power for each square foot of grate surface, if the boiler is power ratm e- 
used for heating purposes exclusively. The engine power shall be reck- 
oned upon a basis of a mean effective pressure of forty pounds Engine horse 
per square inch of piston for a simple engine ; fifty pounds power ratin e- 
for a condensing engine ; and seventy pounds for a compound engine, 
reckoned upon area of high pressure piston. 

Section 84. (As amended by chapter 373, Acts of 1907, taking effect 
September 1, 1907.) A person who is aggrieved by the action of an ex- 
aminer in refusing or revoking a license may appeal there- Appeal may 
from to the remaining examiners, three or more of whom be made - 
shall together act as a board of appeal, and shall have the power to 
hear the parties and pass upon the subjects of appeal. If appeal is 
taken it must be within one month after the decision of the examiner. 
The applicant may have the privilege of having one first class engineer 
present during the hearing of his appeal, but he shall take no part 
therein. The decision of the majority of such examiners so acting as 
a board of appeal shall be final if approved by the chief of the district 
police. 

Section 85. (As amended by chapter 373, Acts of 1907, taking effect 
September 1, 1907.) An engineer's or fireman's license, granted under 
the provisions of the seven preceding sections or the corre- License to be 
sponding provisions of earlier laws, shall be placed so as to posted - 



viii Revised Laws, Chap. 102. — Sect. 86. 

be easily read in a conspicuous place in the engine room or boiler room 
of the plant operated by the holder of such license. The person in 
Daily record charge of a stationary steam boiler upon which the safety 
e ep ' valve is set to blow off at more than twenty-five pounds 
pressure to the square inch, except boilers upon locomotives, motor 
road vehicles, boilers in private residences, boilers in apartment houses 
of less than five flats, boilers under the jurisdiction of the United 
States, boilers used for agricultural purposes exclusively, and boilers of 
less than eight horse power, shall keep a daily record of the boiler, its 
Records to be condition when under steam and all repairs made and work 
done on it, upon forms to be obtained upon application from 
the boiler inspection department. These records shall be kept on file 
and shall be accessible at all times to the members of the boiler inspec- 
tion department. 

Section 86. (As amended by chapter 310, Acts of 1905.) The 
boiler inspection department of the district police shall act as exam- 
Enforcement iners and enforce the provisions of the eight preceding 
an pena y. sec ^ ongj anc [ whoever violates any of the provisions of 
said sections shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more 
than three hundred dollars or by imprisonment for not more than 
three months. A trial justice shall have jurisdiction of complaints for 
violations of the provisions of the eight preceding sections, and in such 

cases may impose a fine of not more than fifty dollars. All 
Authority of J * . . / ■ . 

state boiler members oi the boiler inspection department oi the district 

enter prem- police shall have authority in the pursuance of their duty to 

enter any premises on which a boiler or engine is situated, 

and any person who hinders or prevents or attempts to prevent any 

state boiler inspector from so entering shall be so liable to the penalty 

as specified in this section. 



Acts of 1907, Chap. 465. — Sect. 1. ix 



^\)t Ccmtncntoealtl) of JttaBBacfyitBette, 



[Acts of 1907, Chapter 465.] 



^N" ACT 

RELATIVE TO THE 

OPERATION AND INSPECTION OF STEAM BOILEES. 

Be it enacted, etc., as folloivs: 

Section 1 (as amended by chapter 563, Acts of -1908, and chapter 
393, Acts of 1909). All steam boilers and their appurtenances, except 
boilers of railroad locomotives, motor road vehicles, boilers Boilers to be 
in private residences, boilers in public buildings and in inspected - 
apartment houses used solely for heating, and carrying pressures not 
exceeding fifteen pounds per square inch, and having less c rt { 
than four square feet of grate surface, boilers of not more DOil ers 
than three horse power, boilers used for horticultural and 
agricultural purposes exclusively, and boilers under the jurisdiction of 
the United States, shall be thoroughly inspected internally internal 
and externally at intervals of not over one year, and shall Ins P ectlon - 
not be operated at pressures in excess of the safe working pressure 
stated in the certificate of inspection hereinafter mentioned, which 
pressure is to be ascertained by rules established by the board of boiler 
rules, to be appointed as hereinafter provided; and shall be equipped 
with such appliances to insure safety of operation as shall be prescribed 
by said board. All such boilers installed after January first, nineteen 
hundred and eight, shall be so inspected when installed. A 
boiler in this commonwealth at the time of the passage of ftat^on'May 
this act, which does not conform to the rules of construe- be' ^stalled. 7 
tion formulated by the board of boiler rules may be installed 
after a thorough internal and external inspection and hydrostatic pres- 
sure test by a member of the boiler inspection department of the dis- 
trict police, or by an inspector holding a certificate of competency as an 
inspector of steam boilers, as provided by section six of chapter four 



x Acts of 1907, Chap. 465. — Sects. 2-6. 

hundred and sixty-five of the acts of the year nineteen hundred and 
seven, and employed by the company insuring the boiler. The pres- 
sure allowed on such boilers is to be ascertained by rules formulated by 
the board of boiler rules. No certificate of inspection shall be granted 
on any boiler installed after May first, nineteen hundred and eight, 
which does not conform to the rules formulated by the board of boiler 
rules. [Approved May 14, 1909. 

Section 2. Whoever owns, or uses or causes to be used, any such 
Owner or user D °il er > unless the same is under the periodically guaranteed 
musTreport inspection of insurance companies authorized to insure boil- 
location. erg j n ^g commonwealth, shall annually report to the chief 

of the district police the location of such boiler. 

Section 3. All such boilers shall also be inspected externally at 
least once each year when in operation, and it shall be the duty of the 
inspector to observe the pressure of steam carried, and 
inspection the general condition of each boiler, and to ascertain if the 
safety valve, and the appliances for indicating the pressure 
of steam and level of water in the boiler, are in proper working order. 
No person shall remove or tamper with any safety appliance prescribed 
by the board of boiler rules, and no person shall in any manner load the 
safety valve to a greater pressure than that allowed by the certificate of 
inspection. 

Section 4. The inspection of boilers and appurtenances shall be 

made by the boiler inspection department of the district police, under 

the supervision of the chief inspector of boilers, or by in- 

by whom spectors of such insurance companies as have complied with 
made. 

the laws of the commonwealth and are authorized to insure 

steam boilers. Inspectors of boilers in the boiler inspection depart- 
ment hereafter appointed shall not be subject to the rules of the civil 
service commission requiring members of the district police to be of a 
certain height and weight, but shall be appointed solely on the basis of 
their ability and competency properly and thoroughly to inspect steam 
boilers. 

Section 5. No person shall act as an inspector of boilers which are 

insurance under the periodicallv guaranteed inspection of companies 

inspector to 

hold certm- that have complied with the laws of this commonwealth, 

petency. unless he holds a certificate of competency as hereinafter 

provided. 

Section 6. Whoever desires to act as an inspector of boilers, as 
specified in section five, shall make application upon blanks to be fur- 
nished by the chief of the district police. Three members 

Insurance 

inspector to of the boiler inspection department shall act as a board of 
examiners. The application shall show the total experi- 



Acts of 1907, Chap. 465. — Sects. 7-9. xi 

ence of the applicant and shall be accompanied by a letter of request 
for his examination from the boiler insurance company by whom he is 

or is to be employed. Wilful falsification in the matter of 

. . Certificate 

any statement contained in the application shall be deemed may be re- 
sufficient cause for the revocation of said certificate at any 
time. The applicant shall be examined as to his knowledge of the 
construction, installation, maintenance and repair of steam subjects of 
boilers and their appendages, and, if found competent, he examinatl0n - 
shall receive a certificate of competency to inspect steam boilers for the 
boiler insurance company by whom he is or is to be employed, and the 
certificate shall continue in force during his employment by said com- 
pany, unless revoked for incompetency or untrustworthiness. When a 
person ceases to be employed as an inspector by a boiler insurance com- 
pany the insurance company shall notify the chief of the district police 
of the matter, giving the reasons therefor. A period of ninety days 
shall elapse between the dates of examinations, except in the case of an 
appeal as hereinafter provided. The certificate of competency shall be 
revoked for the incompetence or untrustworthiness of the holder thereof, 
and shall remain revoked until a new certificate is issued. If a certifi- 
cate is lost by fire or other cause a new certificate shall be issued in its 
place, upon satisfactory proof of such loss, without re-examination. 

Section 7. A person who is refused a certificate of competency, or 
whose certificate is revoked, may appeal from such decision to the chief 
of the district police, who shall grant a rehearing of the Appeal may 
case by a board of five examiners, no one of whom shall bemade * 
have acted as an examiner in the former instance, whose decision shall 
be final if approved by the chief of the district police. The applicant 
shall have the privilege of having one representative of the boiler insur- 
ance company by whom he is or is to be employed present during an 
examination or the hearing of an appeal. 

Section 8. Any steam boiler insurance company which issues a 
certificate of inspection signed by an inspector who does not hold 
a certificate of competency may have its authority to insure Authority to 
steam boilers revoked by the commissioner of insurance for m l^ r De l)0ilers 
the commonwealth. Any person in the employ of a steam revoked - 
boiler insurance company who applies for a certificate of competency as 
an inspector of boilers before this act takes effect shall be authorized 
to inspect boilers until his application is passed upon by the proper 
authority. 

Section 9. The inspectors of the boiler inspection department of 
the district police shall make reports of all inspections and Reports of 
shall make such recommendations to the chief inspector of ors. 
boilers as they may deem expedient. 



xii Acts of 1907, Chap. 465. — Sects. 10-15. 

Section" 10. Every insurance company authorized to insure steam 
boilers within the commonwealth shall forward to the chief inspector 
Reports of °^ boilers, within fourteen days after each internal and ex- 
commnies ternal inspection of boilers herein required to be inspected, 
sector in ~ reports of all boilers so inspected by it. Such reports shall 
be made on blanks furnished by the chief inspector of boil- 
ers, and shall contain all orders made by the company regarding the 
boilers so inspected. 

Section 11. Every boiler insurance company shall report imme- 
insurance diately to the chief inspector of boilers the name of the 
to report can- owner or user and the location of every boiler herein re- 
fused boners, quired to be inspected, upon which they have cancelled 
or refused insurance, giving the reasons for so doing. 

Section 12. Boilers and their appurtenances used exclusively for 

heating purposes, but which are not herein required to be 

boilers may inspected, shall be provided with such appliances to insure 
be inspected. x ' x - 1 r 

safety as shall be prescribed by the board of boiler rules, 
and it shall be the duty of the boiler inspection department to inspect 
such boilers upon application of the owner. 

Section 13. The owner or user of a boiler herein required to be 
inspected which is not insured by a boiler insurance company, shall, 
uninsured after due notice, prepare the boiler for internal and ex- 
preifare^for ternal inspection, at the appointed time, by drawing the 
inspection. wa ter from the boiler and removing the manhole and hand- 
hole plates. The boiler inspection department shall give the owner at 
least fourteen days' notice to prepare boilers for this inspection, but 
shall not be required to give notice of external inspection. 

Section 14. The owner or user of a boiler inspected by the boiler 
inspection department shall pay to the inspector five dollars for each 
Fees for boiler internally and externally inspected, and two dollars 

inspection. ^ or eac ] 1 Y i s it f or external inspection. The inspector shall 

give receipts for the same, and shall pay all sums so received to the 
chief inspector of boilers, who shall pay the same to the treasurer of 
the commonwealth. 

Section 15. If, upon inspection the inspector finds the boiler to be 
in safe working order, with the fittings necessary to safety, and properly 
Certificate of set up, he shall issue to the owner or user thereof a certifi- 
imffsured ° n cate of inspection stating the maximum pressure at which 
boilers. ^ e ^ n er mav ^ e operated, as ascertained by the rules es- 

tablished by the board of boiler rules, and thereupon such owner or 
certificate user ma y operate the boiler mentioned in the certificate. 
wVen^ith- 11 ' If the inspector finds that the boiler is not in safe work- 
ing condition, or is not provided with fittings necessary to 



Acts of 1907, Chap. 465. — Sects. 16-20. xiii 

safety, or if the fittings are improperly arranged, he shall withhold 
his certificate nntil the boiler and its fittings are put in a condition to 
insure safety of operation, and the owner or user shall not operate the 
boiler, or cause it to be operated, until such certificate has been granted. 

Section" 16. Every boiler which has been inspected by the boiler 
inspection department shall be numbered either by stamping 
the number upon the boiler or by attaching a numbered boilers to be 
metal tag by a seal or otherwise to the boiler or its fittings. 
No person except a member of the boiler inspection department shall 
deface or remove any such number or tag. 

Section" 17. Insurance companies engaged in the business of in- 
specting and insuring steam boilers shall, after each internal and ex- 
ternal inspection, if they deem the boiler to be in safe work- certificate of 
ing condition, issue a certificate of inspection stating the iSsured° n ° n 
maximum pressure at which the boiler may be operated. oi ers * 
This maximum pressure shall be determined under the rules established 
by the board of boiler rules. 

Section" 18 (as amended by chapter 563, Acts of 1908). No insur- 
ance company shall issue a policy of insurance on a steam boiler for a 

longer period than three years. If a boiler is insured which 

. . . Insurance 

has not previously been inspected externally and internally companies 

,. n „. i. • t n . shall inspect 

and a certificate oi inspection issued, the company so msur- within one 

ing shall forthwith notify the chief of the boiler inspection de- 
partment of the district police to that effect, and shall inspect such boiler 
internally and externally within one month after the insur- no insurance 
ance is effected. No insurance shall be effected on any boiler C n certain 6 
installed after May first, nineteen hundred and eight, which 01 ers * 
does not conform to the rules formulated by the board of boiler rules. 

Section 19. The certificate of inspection issued by the boiler in- 
spection department, or by an insurance company, shall state the name 
of the owner or user, the location, size and number of the Form of cer- 
boiler, the date of inspection and the maximum pressure at ca e ' 
which the boiler may be operated, under the signature of the person 
who made the inspection, and shall also contain such quotations from 
the statutes as shall be deemed necessary by the board of certificate to 
boiler rules, and shall so be placed as to be easily read in e pos e ' 
the engine room or boiler room of the plant where the boiler is located, 
except that the certificate of inspection for a portable boiler shall be 
kept on the premises and shall be accessible at all times. 

Section 20. No person shall use, or cause to be used, a steam boiler, 
excepting boilers upon motor road vehicles, steam fire engines, boilers 
in private residences, or boilers under the jurisdiction of the Fusible 
United States, unless it is provided with a fusible safety plugs - 



xiv Acts of 1907, Chap. 465. — Sects. 21-25. 



plug made of lead or some other equally fusible material^ as specified 
by the rules to be established by the board of boiler rules. 

Section 21. The owner or user of any boiler herein required to be 
owner or inspected shall immediately notify the boiler inspection de- 
defective P ° r partment, if the boiler is being operated under the inspec- 
boiier. ^ on Q £ ^ a |. d e p ar t m ent, or the insurance company, if it is 

being operated under its inspection, in case a defect affecting the safety 
of the boiler is discovered. 

Section 22. If the insurance on any boiler herein required to be 
Owner or inspected expires, or is cancelled because the insurers deem 
operate boSer it unsafe to continue the operation of the boiler, the owner 
exp?re1s r or C fs or user shall cease to operate it until it has been put in a 
canceiie . ga ^ e conc [ition, satisfactory to the insurers, or has been in- 
spected by the boiler inspection department and a certificate of inspec- 
tion has been issued. 

Section 23. If, in the judgment of the inspector or of the insurance 
Hydrostatic company, it is advisable to apply a hydrostatic pressure test 
pressure test. ^ Q a j^i^ ^he owner or user shall prepare the boiler for 
such test, as directed by the inspector or by the insurance company. 

Section 24. The governor, within thirty days after the passage of 
Board of this act, with the consent of the council, shall appoint a 
board of five persons, to be known as the Board of Boiler 
Eules, of whom the last four shall be appointed to serve as follows : — 
Appoint- Two for a term of two years each and two for a term of 

three years each. At the expiration of their terms of office 
their successors shall be appointed for terms of three years each. The 
members of the board, other than the chairman hereinafter designated, 
shall receive for their services the first year in office the sum of five 
hundred dollars each. Thereafter they shall receive as compensation 
for their services and reimbursement for their expenses such amount as 
the governor and council shall order, not exceeding in the aggregate in 
any one year the sum of one thousand dollars. The board shall be con- 
stituted as follows : — The chief inspector of the boiler inspection de- 
partment of the district police, who shall be its chairman ; one member 
representing the boiler using interests; one member representing the 
boiler manufacturing interests; one member representing the boiler in- 
surance interests ; and one member who is an operating engineer. 

Section 25. The chief inspector of boilers of the boiler inspection 
department of the district police shall appoint a clerk, who shall be a 
cierk, ap- stenographer, and who shall also act as secretary of the 
]j° c intment ' board of boiler rules, and whose salary shall be twelve hun- 
dred dollars a year. The necessary expenses of the board, 
including those of the secretary of the board, incurred in the discharge 



Acts of 1907, Chap. 465. — Sects. 26, 27. xv 

of their duty during the first year, shall be paid out of the treasury of 
the commonwealth, but shall not exceed the sum of fifteen hundred 
dollars for that year. The attorney-general of the commonwealth shall 
furnish all needed assistance to the board in the framing of the rules 
hereinafter provided for. 

Sectiox 26 (as amended by chapter 393, Acts of 1909). It shall be 
the duty of the board of boiler rules to formulate rules for the con- 
struction, installation and inspection of steam boilers, and D .. 
for ascertaining the safe working pressure to be carried on |JJ5Y d of i , 
said boilers, to prescribe tests, if they deem it necessary, to 
ascertain the qualities of materials used in the construction of boilers; 
to formulate rules regulating the construction and sizes of safety valves 
for boilers of different sizes and pressures, the construction, use and 
location of fusible safety plugs, appliances for indicating the pressure 
of steam and the level of water in the boiler, and such other appliances 
as the board may deem necessary to safety in operating steam boilers ; 
and to make a standard form of certificate of inspection. The board of 
boiler rules shall hold public hearings on the first Thurs- Board of 
day in May and November of each year, and at such other toH2id U pub- 
times as the board may determine, on petitions for changes bearings, 
in the rules formulated by said board. If the board, after any such 
hearing, shall deem it advisable to make changes in said rules, it shall 
appoint a day for a further hearing, and shall give notice thereof and 
of the changes proposed by advertising in at least one newspaper in 
each of the cities of Boston, Worcester, Springfield, Fall Eiver, Lowell 
and Lynn, at least ten days before said hearing. If the board on its 
own initiative contemplates changes in said rules, like notice and a 
hearing shall be given and held before the adoption thereof. Changes 
made in the rules which affect the construction of new 
boilers shall take effect six months after the approval of rules, when 
the same by the governor: provided, hoivever, that the 
board may, upon request, permit the application of such change in, or 
additions to, rules, to boilers manufactured or installed during said 
six months. When a person desires to manufacture a special type of 
boiler the design of which is not covered by the rules 
formulated by the board of boiler rules, he shall submit of boilers may 
drawings and specifications of such boiler to said board, 
which, if it approves, shall permit the construction of the same. [Ap- 
proved May 14, 1909. 

Section 27. The rules so formulated shall be submitted to the 
governor for his approval, and when approved shall have 

i • -. i 1 ii i • tip -in Rules t0 De 

the force of law, and shall be printed and furnished to approved by 
,-i i i n •! • i- i the governor. 

those requesting them by the boiler inspection department. 



xvi Acts of 1907, Chap. 465. — Sects. 28-30. 

Section 28 (as amended by chapter 393, Acts of 1909). The boiler 

inspection department of the district police shall enforce 

the provisions of the preceding sections and such rules as 

shall be promulgated by the board of boiler rules with the approval of 

the governor. "Whoever violates any provision of this act 

or of the said rules shall be punished by a fine of not less 

than twenty nor more than five hundred dollars or by imprisonment 

for not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 

A trial justice shall have jurisdiction of complaints for violation of the 

provisions of this act, and in such cases may impose a fine of not more 

than fifty dollars. All members of the boiler inspection 
Authority of . 

state boiler department ol the district police shall have authority in 
inspectors to . . 

enter prem- the pursuance of their duty to enter any premises on which 

a boiler is situated, and any person who hinders or prevents 
or attempts to prevent any member of the boiler inspection department 
from so entering shall be liable to the penalty specified in this section. 

The provisions of this act relative to the inspection and 
exempt in operation of boilers within the commonwealth shall not be 

held to apply to steam fire engines brought into the com- 
monwealth for temporary use in times of emergency, for the purpose 
of checking conflagrations. [Approved May 14, 1909. 

Acts incon- Section 29. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent here- 

sistentre- in i n 

pealed. with are hereby repealed. 

Sectiok 30. The last sentence of section four, and sections twenty- 
four to twenty-seven, inclusive, shall take effect upon the passage of 
When to take this act. In all other respects the act shall take effect on 
effect. ^ e g rg £ ^ a y o | Q c -t; 0Der j n the vear nineteen hundred and 

seven. But inspectors employed by boiler insurance companies may 
be examined, and certificates of competency as provided in sections six 
and seven may be granted at any time after the . passage of this act. 
[Approved May 29, 1907. 



She tJLotmnontoealtt} of ittasBcufyiisettB. 




Board of Boiler Rules, 

State House, Boston. 

Joseph H. McNeill, Cliief Inspector Boiler Inspection Department, Chairman. 
John A. Stevens, M.E., Representing Boiler-using Interests. 

Frederick H. Ketes, M.E., Representing Boiler-manufacturing Interests. 
Eobert J. Dunkle, Representing Boiler-insurance Interests. 
William M. Beck, Representing Operating Engineers. 



RULES 

FORMULATED BY THE BOARD OF BOILER RULES. 

[In accordance with the provisions of section 26, chapter 465, Acts of 1907, as amended hy 
chapter 393, Acts of 1909, " An Act relative to the operation and inspection of steam boilers."] 

The Rules previously issued and additions made thereto are 
arranged as follows : — 

Part I. These Rules, in addition to the Rules contained in Part 
II., apply to boilers installed on or before May 1, 

1908. 

Part II. These Rules apply to all boilers now or hereafter in- 
stalled. 

Part III. These Rules, in addition to the Rules contained in Part 
II., apply to boilers installed after May 1, 1908. 



Part I. — Section 1. 



PAET I. 

These Rules, in addition to the Rules contained in Part II., apply 
to boilers installed on or before May 1, 1908. 

Section 1. 

1. The maximum pressure to he allowed on a steel or 
mine wrought-iron shell or drum of a hoiler shall he determined 
allowable from the minimum thickness of the shell plates, the lowest 

tensile strength of the plates, the efficiency of the longi- 
tudinal joint, the inside diameter of the outside course and the lowest 
factor of safety allowed "by these rules, the formula "being : — 

m o \/ \\/ Of 

— — — — '° = maximum allowable working pressure per square inch, in 
* ' ' pounds. 

T.S. = tensile strength of shell plates, in pounds, 
t = minimum thickness of shell plates, in inches. 
% = efficiency of longitudinal joint, method of determining 

which is given in section 7, Part II. of these Rules. 
R = radius = one-half (J) the inside diameter of the outside 
course of the shell or drum. 
F.S. = lowest factor of safety allowed by these Rules. 

2. When the tensile strength of steel or wrought-iron shell 
strength, plates is not known, it shall be taken as fifty-five thousand 

(55,000) pounds for steel and forty-five thousand (45,000) 
pounds for wrought iron. . . 

3. The lowest factor of safety to be used for boilers, the 
Sfety. ° f longitudinal joints of which are of butt and double-strap con- 
struction, shall be four and five-tenths (4.5). 

Note. — Factors of safety which also apply to boilers installed before May 1, 1908, are specified 
in paragraph 7, section 1, Part II. of these Rules. 

4. "When the diameter of the rivet holes in the longitudinal 
Rivets. . . ° 

joints of a boiler is not known, the diameter and cross-sec- 
tional area of rivets, after driving, shall be taken as follows : — 



Part I. — Section 1 . 



Thickness of plate, . 


y 4 // 
.25" 


% 2 " 
.28125" 


5 /i«" 
.3125" 


.34375" 


%" 

.375" 


%" 
.375" 


1 %2 // 
.40625" 


Diameter of rivet after 
driving. 


w 


Hie" 


%" 


%" 


%"up to 
and in- 
cluding 
2" pitch. 


13 /ie"over 
2" pitch. 


13 /l6" 


Cross-sectional areaof 
rivet after driving. 


.3712sq.in. 


.3712 sq.in. 


.4418 sq.in. 


.4418 sq.in. 


.4418 sq.in. 


.5185 sq.in. 


.5185 sq.in. 



Thickness of plate, 


7 /i«" 
.4375" 


.4375" 


15 / 32 " 

.46875" 


y 2 " 

.5" 


% 8 " 

.5625" 


%" 
.625" 


Diameter of rivet after 
driving. 


%"up to and 
including 
2Vi"pitch. 


15 /ie" over 
m" pitch. 


15 /ic" 


15 Ao" 


W 


ltte" 


Cross-sectional area of 
rivet after driving. 


.6013 sq. in. 


.6903 sq. in. 


.6903 sq.in. 


.6903 sq. in. 


.8866 sq. in. 


.8866 sq. in. 



5. The minimum size of a safety valve (other than a direct 
spring-loaded safety valve) shall be governed by the pressure safety 
allowed, as stated in the certificate of inspection, and by the not spring- 
grate area of the boiler, subject to the following conditions 
and as shown by the table in paragraph 6 of this section. 

Condition A. — A single boiler, or two or more boilers 
connected to a common steam main and allowed the same 
pressure: the minimum size of safety valve for each 
boiler shall be governed by the pressure allowed, as stated in 
the certificate of inspection, and by the grate area of the 
boiler. 

Condition B. — When two or more boilers, which are 
allowed different pressures, are connected to a common 
steam main, the minimum size of each safety valve shall be 
governed by the pressure allowed, as stated in the certificate of inspection, 
and by the grate area of the boiler ; and all safety valves shall be set at 
a pressure not exceeding the lowest pressure allowed. The aggregate 
valve area shall not be less than that required for the aggregate grate 
area, based on the lowest pressure allowed, as shown by the table. 

Condition C. — When two or more boilers, which are allowed differ- 
ent pressures, are connected to a common steam main, and all safety 
valves are not set at a pressure not exceeding the lowest pressure allowed, 
the boiler or boilers allowed the lower pressures shall each be protected 
by a safety valve or valves placed on the connecting pipe to the steam 
main; the area or combined area of the safety valve or valves placed 



Single 
boilers, and 
boilers con- 
nected and 
allowed 
same pres- 
sure. 



Boilers 
connected 
and allowed 
different 
pressures. 



4 Part I. — Section 1. 

on the connecting pipe to the steam main shall not be less than the 
area of the connecting pipe, except when the steam main is smaller 
than the connecting pipe, when the area or combined area of safety- 
valve or valves placed on the connecting pipe shall not be less than the 
area of the steam main. Each safety valve placed on the connecting 
pipe shall be set at a pressure not exceeding the pressure allowed on 
the boiler it protects. 

6. A table of areas of grate surfaces, in square feet, for other than 
direct spring-loaded safety valves, follows : — 



Maximum Pressure allowed per 
Square Inch on the Boiler. 


Zero to 
25 Pounds. 


Over 25 to 
50 Pounds. 


Over 50 to 
100 Pounds. 


Diameter of Valve, 
in Inches. 


Area of Valve, in 
Square Inches. 


Area of Grate, in Square Feet. 


1 

1V4 
1% 

2 

2y 2 

3 

3% 

4 

4y a 

5 


.7854 

1.2272 

1.7671 

3.1416 

4.9087 

7.0686 

9.6211 

12.5660 

15.9040 

19.6350 


1.50 

2.25 

3.00 

5.50 

8.25 

11.75 

16.00 

21.00 

26.75 

32.75 


1.75 

2.50 
3.75 
6.50 
10.00 
14.25 
19.50 
25.50 
32.50 
40.00 


2.00 

3.00 

4.00 

7.25 

11.00 

16.00 

21.75 

28.25 

36.00 

44.00 



Bottom 
blow-ofl. 



7. Each boiler shall have a bottom blow-off pipe, fitted 
with a valve or cock, in direct connection with the lowest 
water space practicable. 



Part II. — Section 1. 



PAKT II. 

These rules apply to all boilers now or hereafter installed. 

Section 1. 

1. The pressure allowed on a boiler constructed wholly of 

cast iron shall not exceed twenty-five (25) pounds per square JJlfgJJJ.^ 111 
inch. 

2. The pressure allowed on a boiler, the tubes of which are secured to 
cast-iron headers, shall not exceed one hundred and sixty (160) pounds 
per square inch. 

3. The pressure allowed on a boiler fitted with a district police lock-pop 
safety valve shall not exceed fifteen (15) pounds per square inch. This 
special type of safety valve is provided for by section 78, chapter 102 of 
the Revised Laws (Engineers' and Firemen's License Law), and applies 
to boilers used for heating purposes exclusively. 

4. The resistance to crushing of mild steel shall be taken Crusning 
at ninety-five thousand (95,000) pounds per square inch of jSfdlteei° f 
cross-sectional area. 

5. The maximum shearing strength of rivets per square shearing 
inch of cross-sectional area shall be taken as follows : — o/rSfets. 



Iron rivets in single shear, 
Iron rivets in double shear, 
Steel rivets in single shear, 
Steel rivets in double shear, 



Pounds. 

38,000 
70,000 
42,000 
78,000 



6. The following table gives the allowable shearing strength of rivets 
from eleven-sixteenths (fj-) inch to one and one-sixteenth (1 T ^) inches 
in diameter, in pounds : — 



Diameter of rivet after driving, 



Hie" 
.6875" 



%" 
.75" 



18 ,V 
.8125" 



V8 

.875" 



15 ,i«" 
.9375" 



Ui«" 
1.0625" 



Cross-sectional area of rivet after 
driving. 



.3712 
?q. in. 



.4418 
sq. in. 



.5185 
sq. in. 



.6013 
sq. in. 



.6903 
sq. in. 



.8866 
sq. in. 



Allowable Shearing Strength, in Pounds. 



Iron, single Bhear, 
Iron, double shear, 
Steel, single shear, 
Steel, double shear, 



14,106 


16,788 


19,703 


22,849 


26,231 


25,984 


30,926 


36,295 


42,091 


48,321 


15,590 


18,556 


21,777 


25,255 


28,993 


28,954 


34,460 


40,443 


46,901 


53,843 



33,691 
62,062 
37,237 
69,155 



6 Part II. — Section 2. 

7. The lowest factors of safety used for boilers, the shells 
safety." ° f or drums °f which are exposed to the products of combustion 
and the longitudinal joints of which are of lap-riveted con- 
struction, shall be as follows : — 

(a) Five (5) for boilers not over ten years old. 

(b) Five and five-tenths (5.5) for boilers over ten and not over fifteen 
years old. 

(c) Five and seventy-five hundredths (5.75) for boilers over fifteen 
and not over twenty years old. 

(d) Six (6) for boilers over twenty years old. 

(e) Five (5) for boilers, the longitudinal joints of which are of lap- 
riveted construction and the shells or drums of which are not exposed 
to the products of combustion. 

Section 2. 
safety valves. 1. Each boiler shall have one (1) or more safety valves. 

2. The minimum size of a direct spring-loaded safety valve 

dXZG OI 

safety shall be governed by the pressure allowed, as stated in the 

spring- certificate of inspection, and by the grate area of the boiler, 

subject to the following conditions and as shown by the table 
in paragraph 3 of this section. 

Condition A. — A single boiler, or two or more boilers 
boners, and connected to a common steam main and allowed the same 
nected and pressure: the minimum size of safety valve for each boiler 
same pres- shall be governed by the pressure allowed, as stated in the 
certificate of inspection, and by the grate area of the boiler. 
Condition B. — When two or more boilers, which are 
connected allowed different pressures, are connected to a common steam 
different main, the minimum size of each safety valve shall be gov- 
erned by the pressure allowed, as stated in the certificate of 
inspection, and by the grate area of the boiler; and all safety valves 
shall be set at a pressure not exceeding the lowest pressure allowed. 
The aggregate valve area shall not be less than that required for the 
aggregate grate area, based on the lowest pressure allowed, as shown by 
the table. 

Condition C. — When two or more boilers, which are allowed different 
pressures, are connected to a common steam main, and all safety valves 
are not set at a pressure not exceeding the lowest pressure allowed, the 
boiler or boilers allowed the lower pressures shall each be protected by 
a safety valve or valves placed on the connecting pipe to the steam 
main; the area or combined area of the safety valve or valves placed 
on the connecting pipe to the steam main shall not be less than the 
area of the connecting pipe, except when the steam main is smaller than 



Part II. — Section 2. 7 

the connecting pipe, when the area or combined area of safety valve or 
valves placed on the connecting pipe shall not be less than the area of 
the steam main. Each safety valve placed on the connecting pipe shall 
be set at a pressure not exceeding the pressure allowed on the boiler it 
protects. 

3. A table of areas of grate surfaces, in square feet, for direct spring- 
loaded safety-valves, follows : — 







w __75_ 


w -ioo, 


w _ 160 


W -160 


W= 200. 


W=^°- 






3600 


3600 


3600 


3600 


3600 


3600 






P= 40 


P= 65 


P= 115 


P= 140 


P= 190 


P= 240 






A=.401 


A=.329 


A=.297 


A=.244 


A=.224 


A=.213 


Maximum 


Pressure 


Zero to 25 


Over 25 to 


Over 50 to 


Over 100 to 


Over 150 to 


Over 200 


allowed per Square 


Pounds. 


50 Pounds. 


100 Pounds. 


150 Pounds. 


200 Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Inch on the Boiler. 














Diameter 

of Valve, 

in Inches. 


Area 

of Valve, 

in Square 

Inches. 




J 


.rea of Grate, 


in Square Feet. 




1 


.7854 


2.00 


2.50 


2.75 


3.25 


3.5 


3.75 


m 


1.2272 


3.25 


4.00 


4.25 


5.00 


5.5 


5.75 


iy 2 


1.7671 


4.50 


5.50 


6.00 


7.25 


8.0 


8.50 


2 


3.1416 


8.00 


9.75 


10.75 


13.00 


14.0 


15.00 


Vk 


4.9087 


12.50 


15.00 


16.50 


20.00 


22.0 


23.00 


3 


7.0686 


17.75 


21.50 


24.00 


29.00 


31.5 


33.25 


3y 2 


9.6211 


24.00 


29.50 


32.50 


39.50 


43.0 


45.25 


4 


12.5660 


31.50 


38.25 


42.50 


51.50 


56.0 


59.00 


*y 2 


15.9040 


40.00 


48.50 


53.50 


65.00 


71.0 


74.25 


5 


19.6350 


49.00 


60.00 


66.00 


80.00 


88.0 


92.25 



4. When the conditions exceed those on which the table (paragraph 3) 
is based, the following formula shall be used: — 

A = ^7°X11. 



A = area of direct spring-loaded safety valve in square inches per square 

foot of grate surface. 
"W = weight of water in pounds evaporated per square foot of grate 

surface per second. 
P = pressure (absolute) at which the safety valve is set to blow. 

5. A table of areas of grate surface, in square feet, for safety valves 
not direct spring-loaded, is given in paragraph 6, section 1, Part I. of 
these Rules. 

6. If more than one (1) safety valve is used, the minimum combined 
area shall be in accordance with the table. 

7. Each safety valve shall have full-sized direct connection Safety valve 
to the boiler, and when an escape pipe is used it shall be full- connections. 
sized and fitted with an open drain, to prevent water lodging in the 
upper part of safety valve or escape pipe. When a boiler is fitted with 



8 Part II. — Section 2. 

two (2) safety valves on one (1) connection, this connection to the boiler 
shall have a cross-sectional area equal to or greater than the combined 
area of the two (2) safety valves. No valve of any description shall 
be placed between the safety valve and the boiler, nor on the escape pipe 
between the safety valve and the atmosphere. When an elbow is placed 
on a safety valve escape pipe it shall be located close to the safety valve 
outlet, or the escape pipe shall be securely anchored and supported. 

8. Safety valves having either the seat or disc of cast iron shall not 
be used. 

9. Safety valves hereafter installed on boilers shall not 
valves here- exceed five (5) inches in diameter, and shall be the direct 
installed. spring-loaded type, with seat and bearing surface of the disc 
inclined at an angle of about forty-five (45) degrees to the 
center line of the spindle ; designed with a substantial lifting device so 
that the disc can be lifted from its seat with the spindle, not less than 
one-eighth (^) the diameter of the valve, when the pressure on the 
boiler is seventy-five (75) per cent, of that at which the safety valve is 
set to blow. 

Fusible ^ Fusible plugs, as required by section 20, chapter 465, 

plugs. A c t s of 1907, shall be filled with pure tin. 

11. The least diameter of fusible metal shall not be less than one-half 
(£) inch, except for working pressures of over one hundred and seventy- 
five (175) pounds, or when it is necessary to place a fusible plug in a 
tube, in which cases the least diameter of fusible metal shall not be 
less than three-eighths (f ) inch. 

12. Each boiler shall have one (1) or more fusible plugs, located as 
follows : — 

(a) In Horizontal Eeturn Tubular Boilers — in the rear head, not less 
than two (2) inches above the upper row of tubes, measurement to be 
taken from the line of the upper surface of tubes to the center of the 
plug, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13 of these Eules, and projecting through 
the sheet not less than one (1) inch. 

(b) In Horizontal Flue Boilers — in the rear head, on a line with the 
highest part of the boiler exposed to the products of combustion, and 
projecting through the sheet not less than one (1) inch. 

(c) In Locomotive Type or Star Water Tube Boilers — in the highest 
part of the crown sheet, and projecting through the sheet not less than 
one (1) inch. 

(d) In Vertical Fire-tube Boilers — in an outside tube, not less than 
one-third (^-) the length of the tube above the lower tube sheet. 

(e) In Vertical Fire-tube Boilers, Corliss Type — in a tube, not less 
than one-third (^) the length of the tube above the lower tube sheet. 

(/) In Vertical Submerged Tube Boilers — in the upper tube sheet. 



Part II. — Section 2. 9 

(g) In Water-tube Boilers, Horizontal Drums, Babcock & Wilcox 
Type — in the upper drum, not less than six (6) inches above the bot- 
tom of the drum, over the first pass of the products of combustion, and 
projecting through the sheet not less than one (1) inch. 

(h) In Stirling Boilers, Standard Type — in the front side of the 
middle drum, not less than four (4) inches above the bottom of the 
drum, and projecting through the sheet not less than one (1) inch. 

(i) In Stirling Boilers, Superheater Type — in the front drum, not 
less than six (6) inches above the bottom of the drum, exposed to the 
products of combustion, and projecting through the sheet not less than 
one (1) inch. 

(j) In Water-tube Boilers, Heine Type — in the front course of the 
drum, not less than six (6) inches above the bottom of the drum, and 
projecting through the sheet not less than one (1) inch. 

(k) In Robb-Mumf ord Boilers, Standard Type — in the bottom of the 
steam and water drum, twenty -four (24) inches from the center of the 
rear neck, and projecting through the sheet not less than one (1) 
inch. 

(I) In Water-tube Boilers, Almy Type — in a tube or fitting exposed 
to the products of combustion. 

(m) In Vertical Boilers, Climax or Hazelton Type — in a tube or 
center drum not less than one-half (J) the height of the shell, measur- 
ing from the lowest circumferential seam. 

(n) In Cahall Vertical Water-tube Boilers — in the inner sheet of 
the top drum, not less than six (6) inches above the upper tube sheet, 
and projecting through the sheet not less than one (1) inch. 

(o) In Scotch Marine Type Boilers — in combustion chamber top, 
and projecting through the sheet not less than one (1) inch. 

(p) In Dry Back Scotch Type Boilers — in rear head, not less than 
two (2) inches above the upper row of tubes, and projecting through 
the sheet not less than one (1) inch. 

(q) In Economic Type Boilers — in the rear head, above the upper 
row of tubes. 

(r) In Cast-iron Sectional Heating Boilers — in a section over and in 
direct contact with the products of combustion in the primary combus- 
tion chamber. 

(s) In Water-tube Boilers, Worthington Type — in the front side of 
the steam and water drum, not less than four (4) inches above the bot- 
tom of the drum, and projecting through the sheet not less than one 
(1) inch. 

(t) For other types and new designs, fusible plugs shall be placed at 
the lowest permissible water level, in the direct path of the products 
of combustion, as near the primary combustion chamber as possible. 



10 Part II. — Section 2. 

13. Each boiler shall have a steam gage connected to the 
Steam gage. ., 

steam space of the boiler by a syphon, or equivalent device, 

sufficiently large to fill the gage tube with water, and in such manner 
that the steam gage cannot be shut of from the boiler except by a cock 
with T or lever handle, which shall be placed on the pipe near the 
steam gage. 

steam ^- The ^^ °^ the steam gage shall be graduated to not 

gage dial. ] esg than one and one-half (1 J) times the maximum pressure 
allowed on the boiler. 

15. Each boiler shall be provided with a one-fourth (£) 
testfgage? ^ ncn PiP e s ^ ze connection for attaching inspector's test gage 

when boiler is in service, so that the accuracy of the boiler 
steam gage can be ascertained, as required by section 3, chapter 465, 
Acts of 1907. 

16. Each boiler shall have at least one (1) water glass, 

Water class 

* the lowest visible part of which shall be above the fusible 
plug and lowest safe water line. 

17. Each boiler shall have two (2) or more gage cocks, 
25 a pounds S ' located within the range of the visible length of water glass, 
Sss S . sure ' ° r when the maximum pressure allowed does not exceed twenty- 
five (25) pounds per square inch, except when such boiler 

has two (2) water glasses, located not less than three (3) feet apart, 
on the same horizontal line. 

18. Each boiler shall have three (3) or more gage cocks, 
ov£ e 25° CkS ' located within the range of the visible length of water glass, 
sure? dS preS " when the maximum pressure allowed exceeds twenty-five 

(25) pounds per square inch, except when such boiler has 
two (2) water glasses, located not less than three (3) feet apart, on the 
same horizontal line. 

19. Each boiler shall have a feed pipe fitted with a check 

• valve, and also a stop valve or stop cock between the check 
valve and the boiler, the feed water to discharge below the lowest safe 
water line. Means must be provided for feeding a boiler with water 
against the maximum pressure allowed on the boiler. 

20. Each steam outlet from a boiler (except safety valve 
connections) shall be fitted with a stop valve. 

21. When a stop valve is so located that water can accumulate, 
ample drains shall be provided. 

22. When a damper regulator is used, the boiler pressure 
regulator. pip e shall be fitted with a valve or cock, and shall be con- 
nected to the steam space of the boiler. 

23. Each boiler fitted with a Lamphrey Boiler Furnace 
fronts. Mouth Protector, or similar appendage, having valves on 



Part II. — Sections 3-4. 



11 



the pipes connecting the same with the boiler, shall have these valves 
locked or sealed open, so that the locks or seals will require to be 
removed or broken to shut the valves. 

24. The main return pipe to a heating boiler (Gravity 

VjlIvgs on 

Return System) shall have a check valve, and also a stop return 
valve between the check valve and the boiler. 

25. When there are two connected boilers (Gravity Return System), 
one (1) check valve may be placed on the main return pipe and a stop 
valve on the branch pipe to each boiler, as shown in Fig. 1. 



A. Stop Valve. 

B. Bottom Blow-off. 

a. b. 




Check 
Valve. 



:r=D 



Boiler. 





a. b. 

A. Stop Valve. 

B. Bottom Blow-off. 



X.; Boiler. 




Fig. 1. 



Section 3. 

1. A boiler having one square foot of grate surface shall 

& ^ & . Horse 

be rated at three (3) horse power when the safety valve is set power 

to blow at over twenty-five (25) pounds pressure per square 

inch. 

2. A boiler having two square feet of grate surface shall be rated at 
three (3) horse power when the safety valve is set to blow at twenty-five 
(25) pounds pressure per square inch, or less. 

Section 4. 
1. The owner or user of a boiler which requires annual 
inspection, internally and externally, by the boiler inspec- ^JJjJIJJj 
tion department or by an insurance company, as provided J;?oSs C " 
by section 1, chapter 465, Acts of 1907, shall prepare the 
boiler for inspection by cooling it down (blanking off connections to 
adjacent boilers, if necessary), removing all soot and ashes from tubes, 



12 Part II. — Sections 5-6. 

heads, shell, furnace and combustion chamber; drawing off the water; 
removing the handhole and manhole plates; removing the grate bars 
from internally fired boilers ; and removing the steam gage for testing. 

2. If a boiler has not been properly cooled down, or otherwise pre- 
pared for inspection, the boiler inspector shall decline to inspect it, and 
he shall not issue a certificate of inspection until efficient inspection 
has been made. 

3. In making the annual internal and external inspection, as pro- 
vided by sections 1 and 4, chapter 465, Acts of 1907, the boiler in- 
spector shall apply the hammer test to all internal and external parts 
of a boiler that are accessible. 

4. All proper measurements shall be taken by the boiler inspector, 
so that the maximum working pressure allowed on a boiler will conform 
to the rules relating to allowable pressures established by the Board of 
Boiler Eules; such measurements to be taken and calculations made 
before a hydrostatic pressure test is applied to a boiler. 

5. The steam gage of a boiler shall be tested and its readings com- 
pared with an accurate test gage, and if, in the judgment of the boiler 
inspector, the gage is not reliable, he shall order it repaired or replaced. 

Section 5. 
1. The annual external inspection of a boiler, as provided 
Annual by section 3, chapter 465, Acts of 1907, should be made at 
spections. " or about six (6) months after the annual internal inspection, 
except in the case of a boiler that is in service a portion of 
the year only, in which case the annual external inspection shall be 
made during such period of service. 

2. The boiler inspector shall attach an accurate test gage to a boiler, 
to note the pressure shown by said test gage, and compare it with that 
shown by the boiler gage, ordering the boiler gage repaired or replaced 
if necessary. 

3. The boiler inspector shall see that the water glass, gage cocks, 
water-column connections and water blow-offs are free and clear; also, 
that the safety valve raises freely from its seat. 

4. Fire doors, tube doors and doors in settings shall be opened, to 
view as far as possible the fire surface, settings, tube ends, blow-off 
pipes and fusible plug; the boiler inspector to note conditions and order 
changes or repairs if necessary. 

Section 6. 
1. When a boiler is tested by hydrostatic pressure, the 

static maximum pressure applied shall not exceed one and one-half 

pressure x x L 

tests. (1 J) times the maximum allowable working pressure ; except 

that twice the maximum allowable working pressure may be applied on 



Part II. — Section 7. 



13 



boilers permitted to carry not over twenty-five (25) pounds pressure 
per square inch, or on pipe boilers. 

2. When making annual inspections on boilers constructed wholly 
of case-iron, or on pipe boilers, a hydrostatic pressure test of not less 
than one and one-half (1J) times and not more than twice the maximum 
allowable working pressure shall be applied. 

3. The boiler inspector, after applying a hydrostatic pressure test, 
shall thoroughly examine every accessible part of the boiler, both in- 
ternal and external. 

Section 7. 
1. The efficiency that a unit of length of a riveted joint Effici 
has to the same unit of length of solid plate shall be calcu- of joint. 
lated as shown by the following examples : — 

T. S. = tensile strength of plate, in pounds per square inch. 

t = thickness of plate, in inches. 

b = thickness of butt strap, in inches. 

P = pitch of rivets, in inches, on row having greatest pitch. 

d = diameter of rivet after driving, in inches. 

a = cross-sectional area of rivet after driving, in square inches. 

s = strength of rivet in single shear, as given in paragraph 5, 
section 1, Part II. of these Rules. 

S = strength of rivet in double shear, as given in paragraph 5, 
section 1, Part II. of these Rules. 

c = crushing strength of mild steel, as given in paragraph 4, sec- 
tion 1, Part II. of these Rules. 

[Note. — " c " applies only to boilers constructed after Feb. 5, 1910.] 

n = number of rivets in single shear in a unit of length of joint. 
N = number of rivets in double shear in a unit of length of joint. 



2. Example. 
single-riveted. 



Lap joint, longitudinal or circumferential, Lap single- 
riveted. 




fig. 2. 



14 



Part II. — Section 7. 



A = Strength of solid plate = P X t X T. S. 

B = Strength of plate between rivet holes = (P — d) t X T. S. 

C = Shearing strength of one rivet in single shear = n X s X a. 

D = Crushing strength of plate in front of one (1) rivet = d X t X c. 



Divide B, C or D (whichever is the least) by A, and the quotient 
will be the efficiency of a single-riveted lap joint, as shown in Fig. 2. 

T. S. = 55,000 pounds. 
t = i" = .25". 
P = lg" = 1.625". 
d = -ii" =.6875". 
a= .3712 square inches. 
s = 42,000 pounds, 
c = 95,000 pounds. 
A = 1.625 X -25 X 55,000 = 22,343. 
B = (1.625— .6875) .25 X 55,000 = 12,890. 
C = 1 X 42,000 X • 3712 = 15,590. 
D = .6875 X .25 X 95,000 = 16,328. 
12,890 (B) = >576 Efficiency of ,- oint 
22,343 (A) J J 



Lap double- 
riveted. 



3. Example. — Lap joint, longitudinal or circumferential, 
double-riveted. 




Fig. 3. 

A = Strength of solid plate = P X t X T. S. 

B = Strength of plate between rivet holes =(P — d) t X T. S. 

C = Shearing strength of two (2) rivets in single shear = n X s X a. 

D = Crushing strength of plate in front of two (2) rivets = nXdXtXc. 

Divide B, C or D (whichever is the least) by A, and the quotient 
will be the efficiency of a double-riveted lap joint, 'as shown in Fig. 3. 



Part II. — Section 7. 



15 



T. S. = 55,000 pounds. 

t= T y = .3i25". 

p = 2j" = 2.875". 

d = f = .75*. 

a= .4418 square inches. 

s = 42,000 pounds. 

c = 95,000 pounds. 
A = 2.875 X .3125 X 55,000 = 49,414. 
B = (2.875 — .75) .3125 X 55,000 = 36,523. 
C = 2 X 42,000 X .4418 = 37,111. 
D = 2 X -75 X .3125 X 95,000 = 44,531. 
36,523 (B) = 73g Efficiency f ■ ^ t 
49,414 (A) J J 



4. Example. — Butt and double strap "joint, double-riveted. Butt 

double- 
riveted. 




Fig. 4. 



A = Strength of solid plate = P X t X T. S. 

B = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the outer row = (P — d) t 

XT.S. 
C = Shearing strength of two (2) rivets in double shear, plus the shearing 

strength of one (1) rivet in single shear =NxSXa + nXsXa. 
D = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the 

shearing strength of one (1) rivet in single shear in the outer 

row = (P — 2d) t X T. S. + n X s X a. 
E = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the 

crushing strength of butt strap in front of one (1) rivet in the 

outer row = (P — 2d) t X T. S. + d X b X c. 



16 



Part II. — Section 7. 



F = Crushing strength of plate in front of two (2) rivets, plus the crush- 
ing strength of butt strap in front of one (1) rivet = N X d X t X 
c + n X d X b X c. 

G= Crushing strength of plate in front of two (2) rivets, plus the 
shearing strength of one (1) rivet in single shear = N X d X t X 
c + nXsXa. 

Divide B, C, D, E, F or G (whichever is the least) by A, and the 
quotient will be the efficiency of a butt and double strap joint, double- 
riveted, as shown in Fig. 4. 



T. S. = 55,000 pounds. 
t = §" = .375*. 
b = T y , = .3125 // . 

P = 4£" = 4.875". 

d = J // =.875". 



a= .6013 square inches. 
s = 42,000 pounds. 
S = 78,000 pounds. 
c= 95,000 pounds. 



Number of rivets in single shear in a unit of length of joint = 1. 
Number of rivets in double shear in a unit of length of joint = 2. 

A = 4.875 X .375 X 55,000 = 100,547. 

B = (4.875 — .875) .375 X 55,000 = 82,500. 

C = 2 X 78,000 X .6013 + 1 X 42,000 X .6013 = 119,057. 

D = (4.875 — 2 X .875) .375 X 55,000 + 1 X 42,000 X .6013 

= 89,708. 
E = (4.875 — 2 X .875) .375 X 55,000 + .875 X .3125 X 95,000 

= 90,429. 

F = 2X. 875X. 375X95,000 + .875 X.3125X 95,000 = 88,320. 
G = 2 X .875 X .375 X 95,000 + 1 X 42,000 X .6013 = 87,599. 

fg^p .820, Efficiency of joint. 



Butt triple- 
riveted. 



5. Example. — Butt and double strap joint, triple-riveted. 




Fig. 5. 



Part II. — Section 7. 17 

A = Strength of solid plate = P X t X T. S. 

B = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the outer row = (P — d)t 

XT. S. 
C = Shearing strength of four (4) rivets in double shear, plus the shear- 
ing strength of one ( 1 ) rivet in single shear = NxSXa + nXsXa. 
D = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the 

shearing strength of one (1) rivet in single shear in the outer 

row = (P— 2 d) t X T. S. + n X s X a. 
E = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the 

crushing strength of butt strap in front of one (1) rivet in the 

outer row = (P — 2 d) t X T. S. + d X b X c. 
F = Crushing strength of plate in front of four (4) rivets, plus the 

crushing strength of butt strap in front of one (1) rivet = N X d 

X t X c f n X d X b X c. 
G- = Crushing strength of plate in front of four (4) rivets, plus the 

shearing strength of one (1) rivet in single shear = NXdXtXc 

-fnxsxa. 

Divide B, C, D, E, F or G (whichever is the least) by A, and the 
quotient will be the efficiency of a butt and double strap joint, triple- 
riveted, as shown in Fig. 5. 

T. S. = 55,000 pounds. a= .5185 square inches. 

t = f" = .375". s = 42,000 pounds, 

b = 5/16" = .3125". S = 78,000 pounds. 

P = 6| /r = 6.5". c = 95,000 pounds. 
d = ||" =.8125". 

Number of rivets in single shear in a unit of length of joint = 1. 
Number of rivets in double shear in a unit of length of joint = 4. 

A = 6.5 X -375 X 55,000 = 134,062. 

B = (6.5 — .8125) .375 X 55,000 = 117,304. 

C = 4 X 78,000 X .5185 + 1 X 42,000 X .5185 = 183,549. 

D = (6.5—2 X • 8125) .375 X 55,000 + 1 X 42,000 X .5185 

= 122,323. 
E = (6.5 — 2 X .8125) .375 X 55,000 + .8125 X .3125 X 95,000 

= 124,667. 
F = 4 X .8125 X .375 X 95,000 + 1 X .8125 X .3125 X 95,000 

= 139,902. 
G = 4 X -8125 X • 375X 95,000 + 1 X 42,000 X .5185 = 137,558. 

!o! ,8 ° 4 !^ = -875, Efficiency of joint. 
134,062 (A) ' J J 



18 



Part II. — Section 7. 



Butt 6. Example. — Butt and double strap joint, quadruple- 

quadruple- • i j 
riveted. riveted. 




Fig. 6. 



A = Strength of solid plate = P X t X T. S. 

B = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the outer row = (P — d)t 

XT. S. 
C = Shearing strength of eight (8) rivets in double shear, plus the 

shearing strength of three (3) rivets in single shear = N X S X a 

+ n X s X a. 
D = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus 

the shearing strength of one (1) rivet in single shear in the 

outer row = (P— 2d) t X T. S. + n X s X a. 
E = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the third row, plus 

the shearing strength of two (2) rivets in the second row in 

single shear and one (1) rivet in single shear in the outer row 

= (P— 4d) t X T. S. + n X s X a. 
F = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the second row, plus the 

crushing strength of butt strap in front of one (1) rivet in the 

outer row = (P— 2d) t X T. S. + d X b X c 
G = Strength of plate between rivet holes in the third row, plus the 

crushing strength of butt strap in front of two (2) rivets in the 

second row and one (1) rivet in the outer row= (P — -4d)tX T. S. 

+ n X d X b X c. 
H = Crushing strength of plate in front of eight (8) rivets, plus the 

crushing strength of butt strap in front of three (3) rivets 

= NXdXtXc-f-nXdXbXc. 
I = Crushing strength of plate in front of eight (8) rivets, plus the 

shearing strength of two (2) rivets in the second row and one (1) 

rivet in the outer row, in single shear = JSTXdXtXc + nXsXa. 



I 



Part II. — Section 8. 19 

Divide B, C, D, E, F, G, H or I (whichever is the least) by A, and 
the quotient will be the efficiency of a butt and double strap joint 
quadruple-riveted, as shown in Fig. 6. 

T. S. = 55,000 pounds. 
t =!-"=. 5". 
b = T y'=.4375". 
P=15". 
^ d= -if" =.9375". 

a= .6903 square inches. 
s = 42,000 pounds. 
S = 78,000 pounds, 
c = 95,000 pounds. 

Number of rivets in single shear in a unit of length of joint = 3. 
Number of rivets in double shear in a unit of length of joint = 8. 

A = 15 X -5 X 55,000 = 412,500. 

B = (15 — .9375). 5 X 55,000 = 386,718. 

C = 8 X 78,000 X .6903 + 3 X 42,000 X .6903 = 517,723. 

D = (15— 2X. 9375). 5X55, 000 + lX42,000X. 6903 = 389,930. 

E = (15— 4X- 9375). 5X55,000+3X42,000X- 6903 = 396, 353. 

F=(15 — 2X .9375) .5 X 55,000+ .9375 X .4375 X 95,000 

= 399,902. 
G= (15— 4X .9375). 5 X 55,000+3 X .9375X .4375X95,000 

= 426,269. 
H= 8 X .9375 X .5 X 95,000 + 3 X .9375 X .4375 X 95,000 

= 473,145. 

I = 8 X .9375 X .5 X 95,000 + 3 X 42,000 X .6903 = 443,229. 

— -? i — i = .937, efficiency of joint. 

412,500 (A) J J 

Section 8. 
1. The standard size of the certificate of inspection, as 
authorized by section 26, chapter 465, Acts of 1907, shall of certifi- 
be eleven (11) inches in width and eight and one-half (8J) 
inches in length, and shall be made up and worded in accordance with 
the following copy, space having been provided for the insertion of the 
State Boiler Inspection Department or the name of the insurance 
company using the same : 



20 Part II. — Section 8. 



JZLPW"** AMMITAI. rFnTTPirATP 



ANNUAL CERTinCATE 

OF 

STEAM BOILER INSPECTION 

At required by Chapter 485, Acta of 1907 
i [Space for Company's Name ox State Boiler Inspection Department] 

Boiler N" Date of Imriwrinil 19 

This is tO Certify that the herein-described steam boiler inspected by 

[Space for Company's Name or State Boiler Inspection Department! 

may be operated at a Pressure not to exceed pounds per square inch. 

Name of owner Type of boiler , . 

Location of boiler . 

Age in years : Built by , 

Length of shell or drum fr "»- Diameter of shell or drum in. 

Lowest tensile strength of shell plates lbs. per sq. in. Number and size of tubes 

Thickness of shell plates in. Thickness of heads in. 

Style of longitudinal joint in shell or drum 



Percentage of strength of longitudinal joint ' Location of fusible plug- 

[Company's Nam* Oft State Boiler Inspection Department] 



Signature . 



[Fac Sim. op Executive Oppicu's oi Cniip Inspector's Signature) altuprrtar at Suiurra. 

(Opfici) 
la accordance with Section 21, Chapter 465, Acta ol 1907. aatifr tkia %££%?* *' **" " **<' d *'* ct W *»*»w»* 

GT POST UNDER CLASS IN CONSPICUOUS PLACE IN ENGINE OR BOILER ROOM. tS 

Certifl- ^* r ^^ ie cer tificate of inspection shall be posted under glass 

to be'rS * n a cons pi cuous place in the engine or boiler room in which 
moved. foe boiler specified therein is located; and it shall not be 

removed therefrom except the boiler or its appendages become defect- 
ive, or a new certificate is issued, when it shall be removed by a mem- 
ber of the boiler inspection department of the district police, or an 
inspector holding a certificate of competency as an inspector of steam 
boilers, as provided by section 6, chapter 465, Acts of 1907. 



Pakt III. — Section 1. 



21 



PART III. 

These Rules, in addition to the Rules contained in Part II., apply 
to boilers installed after May 1, 1908. 

Section 1. 

Open-Hearth Boiler Plate and Rivet Steel. 

1. Steel shall be made by the open-hearth process, and 
will be considered as manufactured by the basic method 
unless the report of test states that the acid method has been used. 

2. All plates and rivets used in the construction of steel steel 
shells or drums of boilers shall be as specified by the Ameri- f^JJ and 
can Society for Testing Materials, adopted 1901. 



Process. 



Chemical Properties. 
3. There shall be three classes of open-hearth boiler plate 
and rivet steel, namely, Flange or Boiler Steel, Fire-box 
Steel and Extra Soft Steel, which shall conform to the following limits 
in chemical composition : — 



Chemical 
properties. 





Flange or Boiler 

Steel 

(Per Cent.). 


Fire-Box 

Steel 

(Per Cent.). 


Extra Soft 

Steel 
(Per Cent.). 


Phosphorus shall not exceed . . J 

Sulphur shall not exceed 
Manganese, 


Acid, 0.06 

Basic, 0.04 

0.05 

0.30 to 0.60 


Acid, 0.04 

Basic, 0.03 

0.04 

0.30 to 0.50 


Acid, 0.04 

Basic, 0.04 

0.04 

0.30 to 0.50 



4. Steel for boiler rivets shall be of the Extra Soft class, Boiler rlvet 
as specified in paragraphs Nos. 3 and 5 of this section. steel - 

Physical Properties. 

5. The three classes of open-hearth boiler plate and rivet 

steel — namely, Flange or Boiler Steel, Fire-box Steel and ™K£j5e S 
Extra Soft Steel — shall conform to the following physical 
qualities : — 





Flange or 
Boiler Steel. 


Fire-Box 
Steel. 


Extra Soft 
Steel. 


Tensile strength, pounds per square 

Yield point, in pounds per square 

inch, shall not be less than 
Elongation per cent, in 8 inches shall 


55,000 to 65,000 

y a t. s. 

25 


52,000 to 62,000 

% T. S. 

26 


45,000 to 55,000 

y 2 t. s. 

28 



22 Part III. — Section 1. 

Modifica- 6. For material less than five-sixteenths ( T 5 -g-) inch and 

eiongaSon more than three-fourths (f ) inch in thickness the following 

in^tbick niodifications shall be made in the requirements for elonga- 

material. t ion : — 

(a) For each increase of one-eighth (J) inch in thickness above three- 
fourths (f ) inch a deduction of one (1) per cent, shall be made from 
the specified elongation. 

(b) For each decrease of one-sixteenth (J-g-) inch in thickness below 
five-sixteenths ( T 5 g-) inch a deduction of two and one-half (2J) per cent, 
shall be made from the specified elongation. 

Bending 7. The three classes of open-hearth boiler plate and rivet 

tests. steel shall conform to the following bending tests ; and for 

this purpose the test specimen shall be one and one-half (1J) inches 
wide, if possible, and for all material three-fourths (f ) inch or less in 
thickness the test specimen shall be of the same thickness as that of 
the finished material from which it is cut, but for material more than 
three-fourths (f ) inch thick the bending test specimen may be one-half 
(J) inch thick. 
Eivet rounds shall be tested of full size as rolled. 

(c) Test specimens cut from the rolled material, as specified above, 
shall be subjected to a cold bending test and also to a quenched bend- 
ing test. The cold bending test shall be made on the material in the 
condition in which it is to be used, and prior to the quenched bending 
test the specimen shall be heated to a light cherry red, as seen in the 
dark, and quenched in water, the temperature of which is between 80° 
and 90° Fahrenheit. 

(d) Flange or boiler steel, fire-box steel and rivet steel, both before 
and after quenching, shall bend cold one hundred and eighty (180) 
degrees flat on itself without fracture on the outside of the bent por- 
tion. 

Homoge- 8. For fire-box steel a sample taken from a broken tensile 

neity tests. ^^ S p ec i men ghall not show any single seam or cavity more 
than one-fourth (J) inch long in either of the three fractures obtained 
on the test for homogeneity, as described in paragraph No. 13 of this 
section. 

Test Pieces and Methods of Testing. 
Test sped- 9. The standard test specimen of eight (8) inch gaged 
tensile 01 * length shall be used to determine the physical properties 
test * specified in paragraphs Kos. 5 and 6 of this section. The 

standard shape of the test specimen for sheared plates shall be as 
shown in Fig. 7. 

For other material the test specimen may be the same as for sheared 
plates, or it may be planed or turned parallel throughout its entire 



Part III. — Section 1. 23 

length; and in all cases, where possible, two opposite sides of the test 
specimens shall be the rolled surfaces. Eivet rounds and small rolled 
bars shall be tested of full size as rolled. 

10. One tensile test specimen will be furnished from each 

plate as it is rolled, and two tensile test specimens will be of tensile 

furnished from each melt of rivet rounds. In case any of 

these develops flaws or breaks outside of the middle third of its gaged 

length, it may be discarded and another test specimen substituted 

therefor. 

11. For material three-fourths (f) inch or less in thickness Test 

the bending test specimen shall have the natural rolled surface specimens 
on two opposite sides. The bending test specimens cut from bending. 
plates shall be one and one-half (1 J) inches wide, and for material more 
than three-fourths ( j) inch thick the bending test specimen may be one- 
s' 
h PARA LLEL SECT! ON 



3 * ~ N0T L£SS THAN @ 



i 

i 



1A 



rs 1 — " — 3" 



U |8- >» 

Standard Test Specimen of 8" Gaged Length, Piece to be of Same Thickness as Plate. 

Fig. 7. 

half (J-) inch thick. The sheared edges of bending test specimens 
may be milled or planed. The bending test specimens for rivet 
rounds shall be of full size as rolled. The bending tests may be made 
by pressure or by blows. 

12. One cold bending specimen and one quenched bending 
specimen will be furnished from each plate as it is rolled, of bending 

tests 

Two cold bending specimens and two quenched bending 
specimens will be furnished from each melt of rivet rounds. The 
homogeneity test for fire-box steel shall be made on one of the broken 
tensile test specimens. 

13. The homogeneity test for fire-box steel is made as „ 
follows : A portion of the broken tensile test specimen is neit I t f sts 
either nicked with a chisel or grooved on a machine, trans- box steel. 
versely about one sixteenth ( T ^) of an inch deep, in three places about 
two (2) inches apart. The first groove should be made on one side two 
(2) inches from the square end cf the specimen ; the second, two (2) 



24 Part III. — Section 1. 

inches from it on the opposite side; the third, two (2) inches from the 
last, and on the opposite side from it. The test specimen is then pnt 
in a vise, with the first groove abont one-f onrth (J) of an inch above the 
jaws, care being taken to hold it firmly. The projecting end of the 
test specimen is then broken off by means of a hammer, a nnmber of 
light blows being nsed, and the bending being away from the groove. 
The specimen is broken at the other two grooves in the same way. 
The object of this treatment is to open and render visible to the eye 
any seams due- to failure to weld np, or to foreign interposed matter 
or cavities due to gas bubbles in the ingot. After rupture, one side of 
each fracture is examined, a pocket lens being used, if necessary, and 
the length of the seams and cavities is determined. 

14. For the purposes of this specification the yield point 
point. shall be determined by the careful observation of the drop 
of the beam or halt in the gage of the testing machine.' 

15. In order to determine if the material conforms to the 

Sample for 

chemical chemical limitations prescribed in paragraph No. 3 of this 
analysis. . . ... 

section, analysis shall be made of drillings taken from a small 

test ingot. An additional check analysis may be made from a tensile 

specimen of each melt used on an order, other than in locomotive 

fire-box steel. In the case of locomotive fire-box steel a check analysis 

may be made from the tensile specimen from each plate as rolled. 

Variation in Weight. 

Variation 16. The variation in cross section of weight of more than 

in weight. %i p er cen t. from that specified will be sufficient cause for 
rejection, except in the case of sheared plates, which will be covered by 
the following permissible variations : — 

(e) Plates 12J pounds per square foot or heavier, up to 100 inches 
wide, when ordered to weight, shall not average more than 2J per cent, 
variation above or 2^ per cent, below the theoretical weight ; when 100 
inches wide and over, 5 per cent, above or 5 per cent, below the 
theoretical weight. 

(/) Plates under 12^ pounds per square foot, when ordered to weight, 
shall not average a greater variation than the following : — Up to 75 
inches wide, 2| per cent, below the theoretical weight ; 75 inches wide 
up to 100 inches wide, 5 per cent, below the theoretical weight; when 
100 inches wide and over, 10 per cent, above or 3 per cent, below the 
theoretical weight. 

(g) For all plates ordered to gage there will be permitted an average 
excess of weight over that corresponding to the dimensions on the order 
equal in amount to that specified in the following table : — 



Part III. — Section 2. 



25 



Table of Allowances for Overweight for Rectangular 
Plates when ordered to Gage. 

[Plates Tvill be considered up to gage if measuring not over 1-100 inch less than the ordered gage. 
The weight of 1 cubic inch of rolled steel is assumed to be .2833 pound.] 

Plates 1-4 Inch and Over in Thickness. 





Width of Plate. 


Thickness of Plate 








(Inch). 


Up to 75 Inches 


75 to 100 Inches 


Over 100 Inches 




(Per Cent.). 


(Per Cent.). 


(Per Cent.). 


v 4 


10 


14 


18 


Ha 


8 


12 


16 


% 


7 


10 


13 


7 Ae 


6 


8 


10 


y 2 


5 


7 


9 


%6 


4V 2 


6% 


sy 2 - 


5 /8 


4 


6 


8 


Over % 


3% 


5 


6*/ 2 



Finish. 

17. All finished material shall be free from injurious 
surface defects and laminations, and must have a workman- 
like finish. 



Finish. 



Plate Manufacturer to stamii Plates and Heads. 

18. Each plate shall be distinctly stamped by the manu- Plates t0 be 
facturer with the heat number. stamped. 

19. Each plate shall be distinctly stamped by the manufacturer in 
at least five places in the following manner : At the four corners, at 
a distance of about twelve (12) inches from the edges, and at or near 
the center of the plate, with the name of the manufacturer, place 
where manufactured, brand and lowest tensile strength. 

20. Each head shall be distinctly stamped by the manu- Heads t0 be 
facturer on each side with the name of the manufacturer, stamped, 
place where manufactured, brand and lowest tensile strength ; stamps 
to be so located as to be plainly visible when the head is finished. 



Section 2. 
Material to be used. 

1. Shells, drums and butt straps shall be of Open- shell 
Hearth Fire-box Steel, as specified in paragraphs Xos. 3 
and 5, section 1, Part III. of these Rules. 

2. Heads, combustion chambers, furnaces, or any plates 
that require staying or flanging, shall be of Open-hearth 



plates. 



Heads. 



26 Part III. — Section 3. 

Flange, Fire-box or Extra Soft Steel, as specified in paragraphs Nos. 3 
and 5, section 1, Part III. of these Eules. 

3. Eivets shall be of Open-hearth Extra Soft Steel, as 
Rivets 

specified in paragraphs Nos. 3 and 5, section 1, Part III. 

of these Eules. 

4. Cast steel for use in boiler and steam superheater 
mountings, manhole frames, steam pipe, fittings, side lugs, 

or any other parts of boilers or superheaters where cast steel is used, 
shall not have less than fifty thousand (50,000) pounds tensile strength. 

5. Cast iron for use in boiler mountings, steam pipe 
fittings, side lugs, or any other parts of boilers where cast 

iron is permitted to be used, shall not have less than eighteen thousand 
(18,000) pounds tensile strength. 

6. Cross pipes connecting the steam and water drums of 
pipes and water-tube boilers, and cross boxes, shall be of wrought or 

cast steel when the working pressure exceeds one hundred 
and sixty (160) pounds per square inch. 

Mud 7. Mud drums of water-tube boilers shall be of wrought 

drums. or cas t steel when the working pressure exceeds one hundred 

and sixty (160) pounds per square inch. 

8. Pressure parts of superheaters, attached to boilers or 
heaters. separately fired, shall be of wrought or cast steel when the 

working pressure exceeds fifty (50) pounds per square inch. 
9. Boiler and superheater mountings, such as nozzles, cross pipes, 
steam pipes, fittings, valves and their bonnets shall be of wrought or 
cast steel when exposed to steam which is superheated over 80° Fah- 
renheit. 

10. "Waterleg and door frame rings of vertical fire-tube 
Le°" and 
door frame boilers thirty-six (36) inches or over in diameter, shall be of 

wrought or cast steel, or wrought iron. 

11. Waterleg and door frame rings of locomotive type boilers shall 

be wrought or cast steel, or wrought iron. 

Section 3. 
1. In laying out shell plates, furnace sheets and heads in 
be a vMWe ^ ne toiler shop, care shall be taken to leave at least one of 
the stamps, specified in paragraphs 19 and 20, section 1, 
Part III. of these Eules, so located as to be plainly visible when the 
boiler is completed; except that the tube sheets of a vertical fire-tube 
boiler shall have a portion, at least, of such stamps visible sufficient 
for identification when the boiler is completed. 

Boiler to toe ^' -^ acn b°il er shall conform in every detail with the Eules 
stamped. formulated by this Board, and shall be distinctly stamped 



Part III. — Section 3. 27 

with the words MASSACHUSETTS STANDARD, abbreviated to 
read MASS. STD., by a member of the boiler inspection department 
of the district police, or an inspector holding a certificate of com- 
petency as an inspector of steam boilers, as provided by section 
6, chapter 465, Acts of 1907, anYl who is not, directly or indirectly, 
interested in the manufacture or sale of steam boilers, but in the 
employ of an insurance company authorized to insure boilers in this 
Commonwealth. Each boiler shall be stamped by the builder, in 
the presence of the inspector, with a serial number and with the name 
of the builder either in full or abbreviated, and the builder shall sub- 
mit a fac-simile of his proposed style of stamping to this Board for 
approval. The height of letters and figures used in stamping shall not 
be less than one-fourth (J) inch. 

3. In numbering serially, each builder shall commence 

with the number one (1) and continue numbering in con- |^J{, ers 
secutive order. 

4. A data report, on forms to be furnished by the boiler 
inspection department of the district police, shall be for- Jjjjj^g 
warded by the builder to the chief inspector of such depart- 
ment for each boiler stamped MASS. STD., before the boiler is 
shipped from the boiler shop. 

5. Location of stamps to be as follows: — Location of 

_ . stamps. 

(a) On Horizontal Eeturn Tubular Boilers — on the front 
head, above the central rows of tubes. 

(b) On Horizontal Flue Boilers — on the front head, above the 
flues. 

(c) On Locomotive Type or Star Water-tube Boilers — on the furnace 
end, above the handhole. 

(d) On Vertical Fire and Vertical Submerged Tube Boilers — on the 
shell, above the furnace door. 

(e) On Water-tube Boilers, Babcox & Wilcox, Stirling, Heine and 
Robb-Mumf ord Standard Types — on a head above the manhole opening, 
preferably on the flanging of the manhole opening. 

(/) On Vertical Boilers, Climax or Hazelton Type — on the top 
head. 

(g) On Cahall Vertical Water Tube Boilers — on the upper drum, 
above the manhole opening. 

(h) On Scotch Marine Boilers — on the front head, above the centre 
or right-hand furnace. 

(i) On Economic Boilers — on the rear head, above the central rows 
of tubes. 

(j) For other types and new designs — in a location to be approved 
by this Board. 



28 Part III. — Section 4. 

stamps 6. The boiler builder's stamp shall not be covered by insu- 

covered? 6 lating or other material. 

7. All boiler shops in which boilers are constructed for in- 

tion inspec- stallation in this Commonwealth shall be open to the mem- 
tion. ... 

bers of the boiler inspection department of the district police 

and inspectors holding certificates of competency as inspectors of steam 
boilers, as provided by section 6, chapter 465, Acts of 1907, at all reason- 
able hours, for inspection of material, methods of manufacture, work- 
manship and testing. 

Section 4. 

1. The maximum pressure to be allowed on a steel or 
mine maxi- wrought-iron shell or drum of a boiler shall be determined 
allowable from the minimum thickness of the shell plates, the lowest 

tensile strength stamped on the plates by the plate manu- 
facturer, the efficiency of the longitudinal joint or ligament between 
the tube holes, whichever is the least, the inside diameter of the out- 
side course, and a factor of safety of not less than five (5), the formula 
being : — 

A — /wo _ max imum allowable working pressure per square inch, 
R XF.S. in pounds. 

T.S. = tensile strength of shell plates, in pounds. 
t = minimum thickness of shell plates, in inches. 
% = efficiency of longitudinal joint or ligament between 

tube holes, whichever is the least. 
E = radius = one-half (J) the inside diameter of the outside 
course of the shell or drum. 
F.S. = 5, the lowest factor of safety allowed on boilers installed 
after May 1, 1908. 

When it is desired to construct a boiler of special material, the case 
shall be submitted to this Board for approval. 

Note. — The method of determining the efficiency of longitudinal joint is given in section 7 
Part II., and of determining the efficiency of ligament between tube holes in the following 
paragraphs. 

2. Efficiency of ligament : when a shell or drum is drilled 
be * w 1 f e 1 n for tube holes in a line parallel to the axis of the shell or 
tube holes, drum, the efficiency of the ligament between the tube holes 
shall be determined as follows : — 

(a) When the pitch of tube holes on every row is equal, the formula 

is:— d 

i- = efficiency of ligament. 

P . . 

p = pitch of tube holes, in inches. 

d = diameter of tube holes, in inches. 



Part III. — Section 4. 



29 



Example. 



e- e cb cb cb 

/C-i X-l f'" JT'" r'" *-'" r'" 



e^e-e-^e-e^e-e 



Longitudinal Line. > 

Fig. 8. 

Pitch of tube holes in the drum of a water-tube boiler=5j"=5.25". 
Diameter of tube holes=3j"=3.25". 

p-d _^ 5. 25-3.25 
p 5.25 



.38, Efficiency of ligament. 



(Z>) When the pitch of tube holes on any one row is unequal, the 

formula is : — 

p n( j 

= efficiency of ligament. 

P = unit length of ligament, in inches. 
n= number of tube holes in length, P. 
d = diameter of tube holes, in inches. 
Example. 

(bd) cbcb (b&) cbd) 






1" 



*3 



^-> 



<f 



e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e 



/2 A 



52 



<h-04 -» 



°4 






Longitudinal Line. 
Fig. 9. 



P-nd 12-2x3.25 



12 



= .458, Efficiency of ligament. 



Example. 






29* 



Longitudinal Line. ■ 
Fig. 10. 



P-nd = 29. 25-5x3.25 
P 29.25 



= .444, Efficiency of ligament. 



30 



Pakt III. — Section 4. 



Ligament 
between 
diagonal 
tube holes. 



3. When a shell or drum is drilled for tube holes in a line 
diagonal with the axis of the shell or drum, the efficiency of 
the ligament between the tube holes shall be determined as 
follows: — 




Fig. 11. 



P-d 
P 



= efficiency of ligament. 



P= diagonal pitch of tube holes, in inches. 

d = diameter of tube holes, in inches. 

p = distance between rows of tubes, longitudinally. 

Example. 

Diagonal pitch of tube holes in the drum of a water tube boiler = 6.42". 
Diameter of tube holes = 4". 
Distance between rows of tubes, longitudinally = 
6.42-4 



5.75". 



5.75 



■=.42, Efficiency of ligament. 



Staying 
heads H. T. 
boiler by 
steel 
angles. 
Pressure 
not to ex- 
ceed 100 
pounds. 



4. When the shell of a horizontal return tubular boiler 
does not exceed thirty-six (36) inches in diameter, and is 
designed for a maximum working pressure not to exceed one 
hundred (100) pounds per square inch, the segment of head 
above the tubes may be stayed by steel angles, or Tee bars, 



the formula being 



fl 



= M. 



I = moment of inertia = 



f = fiber stress = 16,000 pounds. 

bh_ 3 

12* 

j h = height of beam, in inches. 

( b = thickness of beam, in inches. 
y = distance of most strained fiber = h -f- 2. 
M = bending moment of beam. 

Maximum bending moment for uniform load = 



WL 

8 



W = weight to be supported, in pounds. ) 
L = length of beam, in inches. i 



Part III. — Section 4. 



31 



Example A. — When steel angles are used, the head of a staying 
horizontal return tubular boiler, thirty (30) inches in diameter, h^t? 3 °" 
designed for one hundred (100) pounds working pressure, tooiler - 
shall be stayed by two (2) four and one-half by three by three-eighths 
(4| X 3 X |) inch steel angles, as shown in Fig. 12, or by other sized 
commercial steel angles the resistance of which shall be equal to or 
greater than the maximum bending moment. 




fig. 12. 



Distance from tubes to shell = 13J". 

Area to be stayed = 143 square inches. 

Load at 100 pounds pressure = 14,300 pounds. 

WL = 14,300 X 21 _ 3T)540 poundg 

8 8 

Moment of inertia = I = T V X 4.5"' X|= 2.85. 
y = 4.5 -T- 2 = 2.25. 

fl = M = 16,000 X 2.85 = 2( ^ 266 poimds f or one ang i e . 
y 2.25 

Eesistance of one angle = 20,266 pounds. 
Eesistance of two angles = 40,532 pounds. 

Example B. — When steel angles are used, the head of staying 

„ .. • / -, \ • i • heads 36" 

a horizontal return tubular boiler, thirty-six (36) inches in h. t. boner. 



32 



Paet III. — Section 4. 



diameter, designed for one hundred (100) pounds working pressure, 
shall he stayed by two (2) six by three and one-half by one-half 
(6 X 3| X i) inch steel angles, as shown in Fig. 13, or by other sized 
commercial steel angles the resistance of which shall be equal to or 
greater than the maximum bending moment. 



27 



<y/>-/ t &r.'4g,*-/g^< v/ 



jdeffe'^bj&pe. ^%5 



S* 



es 



7* To < A \ 7 fi"\ 7* — 

<f- ^S"> <r *f2 -»l &■ <--^> -*\<r- 4z-^> 



44 



'£- 



<H 



■A*&- 



^ 



QQ@Q 



om^mmo 



eeeeespe 



6 9 *3jt*f 




1 



Fig. 13. 



Distance from tubes to shell = 15J". 

Area to be stayed = 220 square inches. 

Load at 100 pounds pressure = 22,000 pounds. 

WL 22,000 X 27 -„ OKn A 
__ — 2 £± _ 74 ? 250 pounds. 



Moment of inertia = I = T V X 6 3 X \ = 9. 

y=6-r-2=3. 

fl ^ T 16,000 X $ AQ KM A * 1 

— = M = — - — — = 48,000 pounds for one angle. 



Eesistance of one angle = 48,000 pounds. 
Resistance of two angles = 96,000 pounds. 



Part III. — Section 4. 



33 



5. The longitudinal joints of a boiler, the shell or drum Longitu . 
of which exceeds thirty-six (36) inches in diameter, shall be JjgJ^ 
of butt and double strap construction. 

6. The longitudinal joints of a boiler, the shell or drum of which 
does not exceed thirty-six (36) inches in diameter, may be of lap-riveted 
construction; and the maximum pressure allowed on such shells or 
drums shall not exceed one hundred (100) pounds per square inch. 

7. Any form of longitudinal joint, other than specified in paragraphs 
5 and 6 of this section, shall be submitted to this Board for approval. 

8. The longitudinal joints of horizontal return tubular boilers shall 
be located above the fire-line of the setting. 

9. A horizontal return tubular, vertical tubular, or locomotive type 
boiler shall not have a continuous longitudinal joint over twelve (12) 
feet in length. 

10. The thickness of plates in a shell or drum shall be Thickne 
of the same gage. of Plates. 

11. The minimum thickness of plates used in the con- Thickness 
struction of a boiler shall be one-fourth (i) inch. plates. 

12. The minimum thickness of shell plates shall be as follows: — 



When the Diameter of Shell is — 


3G" or Under. 


Over 36" to 54" Inclusive. 


Over 54" to 72" Inclusive. 


Over 72". 


W 


5 /l6 // 


%" 


y 2 " 



13. The minimum thickness of butt straps shall be as Thickness 

r of butt 

follows : — straps. 



Thickness of Shell 


Minimum Thickness of 


Thickness of Shell 


Minimum Thickness of 


Plates. 


Butt Straps. 


Plates. 


Butt Straps. 


y 4 " 


%" 


!% 2 " 


%e" 


% 2 " 


y 4 " 


»Ae" 


%«" 


B /4e" 


i/4" 


%" 


y 2 " 


W 


y 4 " 


w 


y 2 " 


%" 


5 Ae" 


%" 


%" 


1 %2 // 


*A«" 


1" 


%// 


W 


%" 


1%" 


%" 


1 %2 // 


%" 


w 


%" 


y 2 " 


%e" 







14. Butt straps shall be rolled or formed to the proper 
curvature on forms made for that purpose. 

15. The minimum thickness of tube sheets shall be as 
follows : — 



Butt straps. 



Thickness 
of tube 

sheets. 



34 



Part III. — Section 4. 





When the Diameter of Tube Sheet is — 




42" or Under. 


Over 42" to 54" Inclusive. 


Over 54" to 72" Inclusive. 


Over 72". 


%" 


7 /l6 ,/ 


y 2 " 


9 /l6" 



Bumped 
heads. 



16. The minimum thickness of a convex head shall be 
determined by the following formula : — 



EXF. S.XP 



= t. 



T. S. 

The minimum thickness of a concave head shall be determined by 
the following formula : — 

EXF. S.XP 



.6(T. S.) 



= t. 



R = one-half the radius to which the head is bumped. 
F. S. = 5 = factor of safety. 

P = working pressure, in pounds per square inch, for which the 
boiler is designed. 
T. S. = tensile strength, in pounds per square inch, stamped on the 
head by the manfacturer. 
t = thickness of head in inches. 

17. When a convex or concave head has a manhole opening, the 
thickness as found by the formula in paragraph 16 of this section shall 
be increased by not less than one-eighth (£) inch. 

18. When a convex or concave head has a manhole opening, the 
flange shall be turned inward, and to a depth of not less than three 
(3) times the thickness of the head. 

19. The minimum thickness of plates in stayed flat sur- 
face construction shall be five-sixteenths ( T 5 g) inch. 

20. The ends of stay-bolts shall be riveted over or upset 
by equivalent process. 

21. The pitch allowed for stay-bolts on a flat surface and 
on the furnace sheet of an internally fired boiler in which 

the external diameter of the furnace is over thirty-eight (38) inches, 
except a corrugated furnace or a furnace strengthened by an Adam- 
son ring or equivalent, shall not exceed that given in the following 
table : — 



Stayed flat 
surfaces. 



Ends of 
stay-bolts. 

Pitch of 
stay-bolts. 



Part III. — Section 4. 



35 



Table of Maximum Allowable Pitch, in Inches, of Screwed Stay-bolts, Ends 

Riveted Over. 



100, 

no, 

120, 
125, 
130, 
140, 
150, 
160, 
170, 
180, 
190, 
200, 
225, 
250, 
300, 



Pressure, in Pounds 
per Square Inch. 



Thickness of Plate. 



5V 2 

51/4 

5Vs 

5 

5 

4% 

4% 
4% 
4% 
4% 
4% 
4Vs 
4 

3% 



'A 6 



%o' 



%" 



Maximum Pitch of Stay-bolts, in Inches. 



6Vi 

6 

5% 

5% 

5% 

5V' 2 

5V4 

5V 8 

5 

4% 

4% 

4% 

4V 2 

4% 

4V 8 



6% 
6V2 
6% 

6y 4 

6 

5% 
5% 
5% 
51/2 

5% 

5V4 

5 

4% 

4y 2 



73/4 
73/8 

6% 
6% 
6V2 

6V4 
6V 8 
6 

5% 
53/4 

5V 2 

4% 



8V2 
SV's 
7% 
7% 
7% 
7% 

7% 
6% 
6% 

6V2 
6% 

6y 4 

6 
5% 

5% 



8V2 

8% 

8V4 

8 

73/4 

7V 2 

7V4 

7V8 

6% 

6V2 

ey* 

53/4 



Hie' 



73/4 
7y 2 
7% 

6% 

ey 8 



When the maximum allowable pitch is five and one-half (5«J) inches 
or less, the stay-bolts adjacent to a furnace door or other boiler fitting, 
hand hole or other opening, may have an increased pitch of. not over 
one (1) inch. 

When a pitch not exceeding eight and one-half (8J) inches is required 
and is not given in the table, the following formula shall be used : — 



S = 



J CX(t+l) a , 6 p_ C(t+lT t . J P(S 2 -6) 
-\ P - +0 ' r - s 2 -6 ' * 

S = maximum pitch of stay-bolts, in inches. 
C = a constant = 66. 

t = thickness of plate, in sixteenths of an inch. 
P = working pressure per square inch, in pounds. 

When hollow stay-bolts are used, having the hole one-half Hollow 
(£) inch in diameter or over, the maximum allowable pitch stay-bolts. 
given in the above table may be increased by the mean diameter of the 
stay-bolt : — 

Mean diameter of stay-bolt 

least outside diameter of stay-bolt -f diameter of hole in stay-bolt 

2 

22. An internally fired boiler, in which the external diam- Pitch of 
eter of the furnace is thirty-eight (38) inches or less, except stay-bolts, 
a corrugated furnace or a furnace strengthened by an Adam- boilers. 
son ring or equivalent, shall have the furnace sheet supported by one 



36 



Pakt III. — Section 4. 



row of stay-bolts, or more, the circumferential pitch not to exceed that 
given in the following table, and the minimum outside diameter of 
stay-bolts to be as given in tables, paragraph 23 of this section. 



Thickness 

of 
Furnace 

Sheet. 


Pressure, in Pounds per Square Inch. 


100 


110 


120 


125 


130 


140 


150 


175 




Circumferential Pitch of Stay-bolts, 'in Inches, not to exceed 


%", . . . 

%6 ,/ , • • • 


5Y2 


4% 

5Vi 


4y 2 

5% 


4% 
5 


4% 
5 


4V 4 


43/4 


3% 
4i/2 



23. The longitudinal pitch between stay-bolts on the furnace sheet 
of an internally fired boiler, in which the external diameter of the 
furnace is thirty-eight (38) inches or less, except a corrugated furnace 
or a furnace strengthened by an Adamson ring or equivalent, shall not 
exceed that given in the following tables, the formula being : — 



Ml)' -V 



_ JPdVL 







p = ct a ^ _ Ct 2 
dVh pVl 



L = longitudinal pitch of stay-bolts, in inches, or one-half the height 
of furnace when only one circumferential row of stay-bolts is 
required. 

= a constant = 110. 

t = thickness of furnace sheet, in thirty-seconds of an inch. 

P = working pressure per square inch, in pounds. 

d = external diameter of furnace, in inches. 



External diame- 
ter of furnace 
not exceeding 
20 // . 



Pressure, in Pounds per Square Inch. 



100 



110 



120 



125 



130 



140 



150 



Longitudinal Pitch of Stay-bolts, in Inches, not to exceed 



175 



Thickness of fur- 
nace sheet i/i". 



12% 



10W 



?% 



7% 



7% 



6% 



5V2 



Diameter of stay-bolts over threads shall not be less than 
three-fourths (%) inch. 



External diame- 
ter of furnace 
not exceeding 
26". 



Pressure, in Pounds per Square Inch. 



100 



110 



120 



125 



130 



140 



150 



Longitudinal Pitch of Stay-bolts, in Inches, not to exceed — 



175 



Thickness of fur- 
nace sheet 1/4". 



7i/4 



5% 



45/c 



4% 



Diameter of stay-bolts over threads shall not be less than 
three-fourths (%) inch. 



Thickness of fur- 
nace sheet 5 Aq". 



15% 



1434 



12% 



11% 



105/g 



Diameter of stay-bolts over threads shall not be less than 

seven-eighths (%) inch. 



53/4 



Part III. — Section 4. 



37 



External diameter of furnace not 
exceeding 32". 



Pressure, in Pounds per Square Inch. 



100 



110 



120 



125 



130 



140 



Longitudinal Pitch of Stay-bolts, in Inches, not to exceed — 



Thickness of furnace sheet 5 /W. 



11% 



93/ 



8V6 



Diameter of stay-bolts over threads shall not be less 
than seven-eighths (%) inch. 



External Diameter of furnace not 
exceeding 38". 



Pressure, in Pounds per Square Inch. 



100 



110 



120 



125 



130 



Longitudinal Pitch of Stay-bolts, in Inches, not to exceed — 



Thickness of furnace sheet %<$?'. 



5". 



5% 



Diameter of stay-bolts over threads shall not be less 
than seven-eighths (%) inch. 



24. When a pitch of stay-bolts is required for a pressure higher than 
given in the tables, paragraph 23 of this section, the furnace sheet shall 
be stay-bolted as a flat surface, as shown in the table, paragraph 21 of 
this section.. 

25. In a vertical fire-tube boiler the height of furnace Mea 

shall be measured from the center of rivets at the bottom P 1 ® 11 *; ?* 

height of 

of the waterleg to the center of rivets in lower tube sheet, ^ r ^ ace » 

and the pitch of stay-bolts shall be measured at the furnace boilers. 
sheet. 

26. When the longitudinal joint of the furnace sheet of a 
vertical fire-tube boiler is of lap-riveted construction, a stay- dinai 1 joint 
bolt in each row shall be located near the longitudinal joint, sheet^. !. 
as shown in Pig. 14. boiler ' s - 




Fig. 14. 



27. A segment of a head of a horizontal return tubular, 

, Staying 

locomotive, Scotch or similar tvpe boiler shall be stayed by segments 

. J r . J J of heads. 

welded or weldless mild steel or wrought iron, head to head 



38 



Part III. — Section 4. 



or through, diagonal or crow-foot stays, except a horizontal return 
tubular boiler, as provided in paragraph 4 of this section. 




Fig. 15. 



Areas of ^* ^ ne area °^ a se g men t of a head to be stayed shall be 

of g heads S to ^ ne area enc l° se( l Dv lines drawn three (3) inches from the 
be stayed, shell and two (2) inches from the tubes, as shown in Figs. 
15 and 16 of these Rules. 




fig. 16. 



Table of 
areas of 
segments. 



29. The following table gives the net area, in square 
inches, of any segment of a head to be stayed, as shown in 
Fig. 15. 



Part III. — Section 4. 



39 



Height 










DlAMJSTER OF BOILER. 








from 

Tubes 

to 


24" 


30" 


36" 


j 42" 


. 1 

48" | 54" 60" 66" 72" 78" 


84" 


90" 


96" 


Shell. 


Area to be stayed, in Square Inches. 



8" 


28 


33 


37 


40 


43 


47 


51 


53 


55 


58 


60 


63 


65 


BW 


35 


41 


46 


51 


00 


59 


63 


66 


70 


74 


76 


80 


82 


9" 


42 


49 


56 


62 


67 


72 


76 


82 


86 


90 


92 


95 


98 


9V*" 


50 


58 


66 


70 


80 


86 


91 


96 


101 


105 


111 


116 


119 


10" 


57 


68 


77 


85 


93 


19 


106 


112 


117 


123 


129 


132 


137 


NW 


66 


78 


8:) 


98 


107 


114 


123 


131 


135 


142 


147 


153 


160 


11" 


74 


88 


100 


111 


121 


130 


138 


147 


155 


161 


169 


174 


183 


uw 


83 


99 


112 


124 


137 


146 


156 


165 


173 


181 


189 


196 


204 


12" 


91 


109 


125 


139 


151 


163 


174 


184 


194 


203 


213 


219 


230 


12V 2 " 




120 


138 


153 


167 


180 


193 


204 


216 


224 


234 


243 


252 


13" 


— 


132 


151 


168 


183 


197 


211 


224 


235 


247 


256 


267 


279 


131,," 




143 


164 


183 


200 


216 


230 


246 


258 


270 


282 


293 


302 


14" 


— 


155 


178 


199 


217 


234 


250 


266 


280 


294 


305 


319 


331 


141. •" 




167 


192 


215 


235 


254 


271 


287 


303 


318 


333 


345 


360 


15" 


— 


178 


206 


231 


252 


273 


291 


309 


326 


343 


357 


372 


386 


15V-/' 






220 


247 


271 


291 


312 


332 


350 


368 


382 


400 


417 


16" 


— 





235 


263 


289 


312 


334 


355 


374 


394 


411 


423 


443 


16 1/2" 






249 


281 


308 


332 


357 


380 


399 


420 


436 


457 


475 


17" 








264 


297 


326 


353 


37S 


402 


425 


447 


467 


486 


502 


17V 2 " 








314 


345 


374 


400 


426 


449 


471 


494 


516 


536 


18" 


— 





— 


331 


365 


396 


124 


450 


476 


500 


520 


543 


564 


18 y 2 " 








349 


3?4 


417 


448 


476 


501 


526 


552 


577 


598 


19" 


— 


— 


— 


366 


404 


439 


470 


500 


529 


000 


580 


604 


631 


19%* 








384 


424 


461 


486 


528 


558 


584 


613 


641 


663 


20" 


— 


— 


— 


401 


444 


483 


519 


552 


583 


613 


642 


667 


699 


2OV2" 










464 


505 


543 


578 


613 


643 


675 


706 


729 


21" 


— 





— 


— 


485 


52S 


568 


604 


640 


673 


705 


733 


766 


2iy 2 " 










505 


551 


594 


632 


669 


703 


739 


766 


797 


22" 


— 





— 


— 


526 


574 


618 


658 


697 


734 


769 


800 


835 


22i,o" 












597 


643 


687 


726 


765 


800 


835 


867 


23" 












620 


668 


713 


754 


796 


830 


869 


906 


23 V*" 












642 


695 


740 


784 


827 


866 


904 


945 


24" 












667 


719 


768 


814 


859 


897 


939 


978 


241,2" 












689 


745 


797 


843 


892 


934 


975 


1,018 


25" 












714 


771 


825 


875 


922 


966 


1,010 


1,051 


25V'" 












737 


798 


855 


907 


956 


1,003 


1,047 


1,092 


26" 












761 


824 


882 


936 


9S7 


1,035 


1,083 


1,126 


26W' 














850 


909 


968 


1,024 


1,073 


1,120 


1,167 


27" 














877 


939 


998 


1,053 


1,106 


1,157 


1,202 


271.0" 














904 


968 


1,030 


1,089 


1,145 


1,195 


1,243 


28" 














930 


997 


1,060 


1,120 


1,177 


1,232 


1,279 


28 V-." 
















1,028 


1,092 


1,157 


1,211 


1,270 


1,321 


29" 
















1,056 


1,123 


1,187 


1,248 


1,305 


1,360 


2yi /2 " 
















1,084 


1,155 


1,221 


1,284 


1,347 


1,400 


30" 
















1,115 


1,187 


1,255 


1,321 


1,382 


1,442 


301/2" 


















3,218 


1,290 


1,358 


1,424 


1,480 


31" 


















1,252 


1,324 


1,394 


1,459 


1,523 


91 1 / // 


















1,286 


1,359 


1,433 


1,496 


1,561 


32" 


















1,317 


1,394 


1,467 


1,538 


1,605 


321/2" 




















1,430 


1,508 


1,575 


1,650 


33" 




















1,465 


1,542 


1,617 


1,687 


33V2" 




















1,500 


1.57S 


1,655 


1,733 


34" 




















1,536 


1,617 


1,695 


1,770 


341/2" 






















1,654 


1,735 


1,816 


35" 






















1,692 


1,775 


1,856 


351/2" 
























1,810 


1,900 


36" 
























1,857 


1,941 


36V 2 " 


























1,984 


37" 


























2,026 



30. When an area is required that is not given in the table ^darea of 
(paragraph 29), the following formula shall be used: — segment. 



4H 



V9 "D 
z .608 = Area of segment to be stayed, in square inches. 
H 

H = distance from tubes to shell, minus five inches. 
R = radius of boiler, minus three inches. 



40 



Part III. — Section 4. 



31. When a flat-head has a manhole opening, the flange of which is 
formed from the solid sheet and turned inward to a depth of not less 
than twice the thickness of the head, an area two (2) inches wide all 
around the manhole opening, as shown in Fig. 17, may be deducted 
from the total area of head, including manhole opening, to be stayed. 

OOOOOODOOOOO 
OOP p^^^QpO 



Fig. 17. 



Example. — To find an area 2" wide all around a 11" X 15" manhole, 

15" X 19" X .7854 = 224 (nearly) square inches. 
11" X 15" X .7854= 130 (nearly) square inches. 

And 224 — 130= 94 square inches. 

Therefore, if the area to be stayed on the rear head, below the tubes, 
of a seventy-two (72) inch horizontal return tubular boiler is 374 square 
inches, the area to be stayed on the front head, below the tubes, of this 
boiler, would be 374 — 94 = 280 square inches. 

32. A horizontal return tubular boiler, having a manhole below the 
tubes, shall have one or more stays on each side of the manhole, the 
rear ends of which shall be attached to the rear head of the boiler, and 
the front ends shall pass through the front head and shall be secured 
with nuts, inside and out. The center line of such stays at the front 
head shall not be below the center line of the manhole. 

33. Stay rods shall not exceed three (3) feet in length when screwed 
through the sheets and riveted over. 

34. Flat surfaces other than segments of heads, and curved surfaces 
other than as provided in paragraphs 22 and 23 of this section shall be 
stay -bolted, or stayed by welded or weldless mild steel or wrought-iron, 
head to head or through, diagonal or crow-foot stays. 

Example. — To determine the maximum allowable work- 

aiiowed on ing pressure per square inch on stay-bolted flat surface, or 

stay-bolted curved surface on furnace sheet over thirty- 



eight (38) inches in diameter: — 



Part III. — Section 4. 



41 



Divide the load in pounds allowed on a given stay-bolt by the net 
area supported by the stay-bolt, in square inches : — 

Pitch of stay-bolts = 5" X 5". 

Outside diameter of stay-bolt = J". 

Area of a J" stay-bolt at bottom of thread = .419 square inches. 

Load allowed on a J" stay-bolt at 6,500 pounds per square inch = 2,724 

pounds. 
Net area supported by one stay-bolt = 5"X o" = 25 — .419 (net area of 

stay-bolt) = 24.581 square inches. 
2,724 -J- 24.581 = maximum allowable pressure per square inch = 110 

pounds. 

35. The maximum allowable stress per square inch net stays and 
cross-sectional area of stays and stay-bolts shall be as fol- sta y- bolt3 « 
lows : — 



Material and Type. 


Size up to and including 
IVi" Diameter 
or Equivalent Area. 


Size over Hi" Diameter 
or Equivalent Area. 


Weldless mild steel bead to head or through stays, 


8,000 lbs. 9,000 lbs. 


Weldless mild steel diagonal or crow-foot stays, 


7,500 lbs. 


8,000 lbs. 


Weldless wrought-iron head to head or through 


7,000 lbs. 


7,500 lbs. 


Weldless wrought-iron diagonal or crow-foot 


6,500 lbs. 


7,000 lbs. 


Welded mild steel or wrought-iron stays, 


6,000 lbs. 


6,000 lbs. 


Mild steel or wrought-iron stay-bolts, . 


6,500 lbs. 


7,000 lbs. 



36. When a greater allowable stress per square inch on Speci fi Ca . 

stays and stay-bolts is required than that allowed in para- *J a y| f °£ d 

graph 35 of this section, the material shall conform to the Jested 01 * 8 ' 
following physical qualities: — 



material. 



Tensile strength, pounds per square inch, shall not exceed, 



62,000 



Yield point, in pounds per square inch, shall not be less tban, 



V-2 T. S. 



Elongation per cent, in 8 inches shall not be less than, 



28 



and a certified report of test of such material shall be filed with the 
data report required by paragraph 4, section 3, Part III. of these 



42 



Part III. — Section 4. 



Eules; and the maximum allowable stress on such stays or stay-bolts 

shall be based on a factor of safety of not less than six and five-tenths 

(6.5). 

Allowable 37. Table of allowable loads on net cross-sectional area of 

stay-bolts, stay-bolts, V threads, twelve (12) threads per inch : — 



Outside Diameter 

of 

Stay-bolts, in Inches. 


Diameter at 
Bottom 

of Thread, in 
Inches. 


Net Cross-sectional 
Area (at Bottom 

of Thread) , 
in Square Inches. 


Allowable Load at 

6,500 Pounds Stress, 

per Square Inch. 


Allowable Load at 

7,000 Pounds Stress, 

per Square Inch. 


% 


.7500 


.6057 


•28S 


1,872 


2,016 


13 /l6 


.8125 


.6682 


.351 


2,282 


2,457 


% 


.8750 


.7307 


.419 


2,724 


2,933 


15 /i'a 


.9375 


.7932 


.494 


3,211 


3,458 


1 


1.0000 


.8557 


.575 


3,738 


4,025 


1^6 


1.0625 


.91S2 


.662 


4,303 


4,634 


1% 


1.1250 


.9807 


.755 


4,908 


5,285 


l 3 /io 


1.1875 


1.0432 


.855 


5,558 


5,985 


Hi 


1.2500 


1.1057 


.960 


6,240 


6,720 


l 5 /l6 


1.3125 


1.1682 


1.072 


6,968 


7,504 


1% 


1.3750 


1.2307 


1.190 


7,735 


8,330 


!%« 


1.4375 


1.2932 


1.313 


8,535 


9,191 


iy 2 


1.5000 


1.3557 


1.444 


9,386 


10,108 



The formula for diameter of stay-bolt at bottom of thread being : — 

D — (P X 1.732) = d, or for 12 threads per inch, 
D — (.08333 X 1.732) = d, then 
D — .1443 = d. 

D = diameter of stay-bolt over the threads. 
P = pitch of threads = y 1 ^ = .08333. 
d = diameter of stay-bolt at bottom of threads. 
1.732 = a constant. 

When U. S. threads are used, the formula becomes : — 
D — (PX 1.732 X. 75) = d. 

38. Table of allowable loads on net cross-sectional area of stay-bolts, 
V threads, ten (10) threads per inch : — 



Outside Diameter 

of 

Stay-bolts, in Inches. 


Diameter at 
Bottom 

of Thread, in 
Inches. 


Net Cross-sectional 
Area (at Bottom 

of Thread), 
in Square Inches. 


Allowable Load at 

6,500 Pounds Stress, 

per Square Inch. 


Allowable Load at 

7,000 Pounds Stress, 

per Square Inch. 


VA 


1.2500 


1.0768 


.911 


5,921 


6,377 


l 5 /l6 


1.3125 


1.1393 


1.019 


6,623 


7,133 


1% 


1.3750 


1.2018 


1.134 


7,371 


7,938 


17l6 


1.4375 


1.2643 


1.255 


8,157 


' 8,785 


D/2 


1.5000 


1.3268 


1.382 


8,983 


9,674 


l 9 /l6 


1.5625 


1.3893 


1.515 


9,847 


10,605 


1% 


1.6250 


1.4518 


1.655 


10,757 


11,585 



39. Table of allowable loads on net cross-sectional area of circular 
stays or rectangular stays of equal cross-sectional area : — 



Part III. — Section 4. 



43 









Allowable Stress, 


in Pounds 


per Square Inch, Net Cross- 


Minimum 

of Cii 

Stay, in 




Net 






sectional Area. 






Diameter 

cular 

Inches. 


Cross-sectional 

Area of Stay, 

in Square Inches. 


6,000 


6,500 


7,000 


7,500 


8,000 


9,000 




Allowable Load, in Pounds, 


5n Net Cross-sectional Area. 


1 


1.0000 


.7854 


4,712 


5,105 


5,498 


5,891 


6,283 


_ 


PAe 


1.0625 


.8866 


5,320 


5,763 


6,206 


6,650 


7,093 


- 


1% 


1.1250 


.9940 


5,964 


6,461 


6,958 


7,455 


7,952 


- 


l 3 /io 


1.1875 


1.1075 


6,645 


7,199 


7,753 


8,306 


8,860 


- 


VA 


1.2500 


1.2272 


7,363 


7,977 


8,590 


9,204 


9,818 


- 


1%6 


1.3125 


1.3530 


8,118 


8,795 


9,471 


10,148 


10,824 


12,177 


1% 


1.3750 


1.4849 


8,909 


9,652 


10,394 


11,137 


11,879 


13,364 


l 7 /io 


1.4375 


1.6230 


9,738 


10,550 


11,361 


12,173 


12,984 


14,607 


1% 


1.5000 


1.7671 


10,603 


11,486 


12,370 


13,253 


14,137 


15,904 


1%6 


1.5625 


1.9175 


11,505 


12,464 


13,423 


14,381 


15,340 


17,258 


1% 


1.6250 


2.0739 


12,443 


13,480 


14,517 


15,554 


16,591 


18,665 


U%6 


1.6875 


2.2365 


13,419 


14,537 


15,655 


16,744 


17,892 


20,129 


1% 


1.7500 


2.4053 


14,432 


15,634 


16,837 


18,040 


19,242 


21,648 


1 13 A6 


1.8125 


2.5802 


15,481 


16,771 


18,061 


19,352 


20,642 


23,222 


1% 


1.8750 


2.7612 


16,567 


17,948 


19,328 


20,709 


22,090 


24,851 


1 15 A6 


1.9375 


2.9483 


17,690 


19,164 


20,638 


22,112 


23,586 


26,535 


2 


2.0000 


3.1416 


18,850 


20,420 


21,991 


23,562 


25,133 


28,274 


2y 8 


2.1250 


3.5466 


21,280 


23,053 


24,826 


26,600 


28,373 


31,919 


2% 


2.2500 


3.9761 


23,857 


25,845 


27,833 


29,821 


31,809 


35,785 


2% 


2.3750 


4.4301 


26,580 


28,796 


31,011 


33,226 


35,441 


39,871 


2y 2 


2.5000 


4.9087 


29,452 


31,907 


34,361 


36,815 


39,270 


44,178 


2% 


2.6250 


5.4119 


32,471 


35,177 


37,883 


40,589 


43,295 


48,707 


2% 


2.7500 


5.9396 


35,638 


38,607 


41,577 


44,547 


47,517 


53,456 


2% 


2.8750 


6.4918 


38,951 


42,197 


45,443 


48,689 


51,934 


58,426 


3 


3.0000 


7.0686 


42,412 


45,946 


49,480 


53,015 


56,549 


63,617 



40. The minimum thickness of cast-iron nozzles shall be 
determined by the following formula : — 



Cast-iron 
nozzles. 



Pdf 
2S 



f .5 = t. 



P = working pressure, in pounds per square inch, 
d = inside diameter of nozzle, in inches, 
f = factor of safety = 12. 

S = ultimate tensile strength of cast-iron, not less than eighteen thou- 
sand (18,000) pounds per square inch, as required by paragraph 
5, section 2, Part III. of these Rules. 
.5 = a constant, 
t = thickness of nozzle in inches. 

Example. — Find the required thickness of a cast-iron steam nozzle 
six (6) inches in diameter for a working pressure of one hundred and 
fifty (150) pounds. 



150 X 6 X 12 
2 X 18,000 



+ .5 = .8", Thickness of nozzle. 



41. When the pressure allowed on a boiler exceeds one c^.^^ 
hundred and thirty-five (135) pounds per square inch, the ^J£g s and 
thickness of the flanges of cast-iron nozzles, and of cast-iron fl anges. 



44 Part III. — Section 4. 

blank flanges, shall not be less than specified by the manufacturers' 
standard for high pressure. 

42. On longitudinal joints, the distance from the center 
of rivet hole to the edge of the plate, except rivet holes in 
the ends of butt straps, shall not be less than one and one-half (1J) 
times the diameter of the rivet hole. 

43. Rivet holes, except for attaching stays or angle bars to heads, 
shall be drilled full size with plates, butt straps and heads bolted up 
in position ; or they may be punched not to exceed one-fourth (J) inch 
less than full size for plates over five-sixteenths (^) of an inch in thick- 
ness, and one-eighth (J-) of an inch less than full size for plates not 
exceeding five-sixteenths ( T 5 g-) of an inch in thickness, and then drilled 
or reamed to full size with plates, butt straps and heads bolted up in 
position. 

44. Rivets shall be of sufficient length to completely fill the rivet 
holes and form a head equal in strength to the body of the rivet. 

45. Rivets shall be machine driven, wherever possible, with sufficient 
pressure to fill the rivet holes, and shall be allowed to cool and shrink 
under pressure. 

„ „ . 46. The calking edges of plates and heads shall be beveled 

Calking. % • 

wherever possible. Calking shall be done with a round- 
nosed tool. 

47. Tube holes shall be drilled full size, or they may be 

punched not to exceed one-half (£) inch less than full size, 

and then drilled, reamed or finished full size with rotating cutter. 

48. The edges of tube holes shall be chamfered to a radius of about 

one-sixteenth (y 1 ^) inch. 

Tube ends 49. A fire- tube boiler shall have the ends of the tubes 

boilers. substantially beaded. 

50. The ends of all tubes, suspension tubes and nipples 

water-tube shall be flared not less than one-eighth (£) inch over the 

ana e super- diameter of the tube hole on all water-tube boilers and 
heaters. -, , 

superheaters. 

51. The ends of all tubes, suspension tubes and nipples of water- 
tube boilers and superheaters shall not project through the tube sheets 
or headers less than one-fourth (i) inch nor more than one-half (J) 
inch. Separately fired superheaters shall have the tube ends protected 
by refractory material where they connect with drums or headers. 
Fusible 52. When it is necessary to place a fusible plug in a tube, 

tibe. m a an extra thick tube shall be provided for that purpose. 
Openings ^3. An opening in a boiler for a threaded pipe connection 

drumsMir one (-0 i ncn i n diameter or over (except water column con- 
be 3 ^ *° nections) shall not have less than the minimum number of 
enforced. threads in such opening, as shown in the following table: — 



Part III. — Section 4. 



45 



Size of pipe connec- 
tion, in inches. 


1 and m 


iy 2 and 2 


2y 2 to 4 
inclusive 


4y 2 to G 7 and 8 
inclusive 


9 and 10 


12 


Numbev of threads 
per inch. 


11% 


11% 


8 


8 


8 


8 


8 


Minimum number of 
threads required in 
opening. 


4 


5 


7 


8 


10 


12 


13 


Minimum thickness 
of material re- 
quired to give 
above number of 
threads. 


.348" 
(.3175"=:%") 


.435" 
(.4375"=% 6 ") 


.875" 


1" 


1.25" 


1.5" 


1.625" 



If the thickness of the material in the boiler is not sufficient to give 
such number of threads, there shall be a standard commercial pressed 
steel flange, bronze composition flange, cast-steel flange or steel plate, 
substantially riveted to the boiler, so as to give the required number 
of threads. A main steam or safety valve opening may be fitted with 
either a cast-steel, cast-iron or bronze composition nozzle, and a feed- 
pipe connection may be fitted with a brass or steel boiler bushing. 

54. An elliptical manhole opening shall not be less than Manholes 
eleven by fifteen (11 X 15) inches in size. and sizes - 

A circular manhole opening shall not be less than fifteen (15) inches 
in diameter. 

A variation of one-half (J) inch in the above dimensions will be 
allowed. 

55. There shall be a manhole in the upper part of the shell or head 
of a fire-tube boiler over forty (40) inches in diameter, except a vertical 
fire-tube boiler. 

56o A manhole frame shall be of wrought or cast steel, 
and have a net cross-sectional area, on a line parallel to frames e 
the axis of the shell, not less than the cross-sectional area 
of shell plate removed on the same line. 

57o Manhole frames on shells or drums shall have the proper curva- 
ture, and on boilers over forty-eight (48) inches in diameter shall be 
riveted to the shell or drum with two rows of rivets, which may be 
pitched as shown in Fig. 18. The strength of the rivets in shear shall 
not be less than the tensile strength of the shell plate removed, on 
a line parallel to the axis of the shell, through the center of the 
manhole. 

58. The strength of manhole plates, yokes and bolts shall be in pro- 
portion to the strength of the manhole frames. 

59. Manhole plates shall be of wrought or cast steel. 



46 



Part III. — Section 4. 



Location of 
manholes 
and hand- 
holes. 



60. A manhole shall be located in the front head, below 
the tubes, of a horizontal return tubular boiler sixty (60) 
inches or over in diameter. 

61. A manhole or handhole shall be located in the front head, below 
the tubes, of a horizontal return tubular boiler less than sixty (60) 
inches in diameter. 

62. A handhole shall be located in the rear head of a horizontal 
return tubular boiler, below the tubes, except one which has a manhole 
in the front head, below the tubes. 




Fig. 18. 



63. A locomotive type boiler shall not have less than (6) handholes, 
located as follows : — 

One (1) in the rear head, below the tubes. 

One (1) in the front head, at or about the line of the crown sheet. 

Four (4) in the lower part of the waterleg. 

Also, where possible, one (1) near the throat sheet. 

64. A vertical fire-tube boiler, except the boiler of a steam fire-engine, 
shall have not less than four (4) handholes, located as follows : — 

One (1) in the shell at or about the line of the crown sheet. 

One (1) in the shell at or about the line of the fusible plug, except a 



Part III. — Section 4. 47 

vertical fire-tube boiler having a manhole in the shell or head, through 
which the fusible plug is accessible. 

Two (2) in the shell at the lower part of the waterleg. 

65. A vertical fire-tube boiler of a steam fire-engine shall not have 
less than three (3) brass washout plugs of not less than one (1) inch 
pipe size, screwed into the shell and located as follows : — 

One (1) at or about the line of the crown sheet. 
Two (2) at the lower part of the waterleg. 

66. There shall not be less than one (1) inch of solid plate in the 
clear, inside and out, around a handhole opening in a boiler; except 
that on a stay-bolted surface seven-sixteenths ( T 7 g-) inch thick or over, 
there shall not be less than one-half (£) inch of solid plate in the clear, 
inside and out, around a handhole opening. 

67. A horizontal return tubular boiler over seventy-eight Method of 
(78) inches in diameter shall be supported, independent of supposing 
the boiler side-walls, from steel lugs by the outside suspended boilers - 
type of setting; where three (3) supports are necessary on each side of 
a boiler, an equalizer shall be used. 

68. A horizontal return tubular boiler over fifty-four (54) inches 
in diameter, and up to and including seventy-eight (78) inches in 
diameter, shall be supported by the outside suspended type of setting, 
or by not less than four (4) steel or cast-iron brackets on each side, 
set in pairs. 

69. A horizontal return tubular boiler up to and including fifty-four 
(54) inches in diameter shall be supported by the outside suspended 
type of setting, or by not less than two (2) steel or cast-iron brackets 
on each side. 

70. Supporting lugs or brackets shall have the proper 
curvature and be securely riveted to the shell; the shearing ing lugs or 
stress on the rivets not to exceed eight (8) per cent, of the 
allowable shearing strength given in paragraph 5, section 1, Part II. 
of these Eules. 

71. The upper surface of the fire-grate of an internally Height of 
fired boiler of the open bottom locomotive, vertical fire-tube s rate - 

or similar type, shall not be below the water space in the waterleg, 
except where the rivets at the bottom of the waterleg are protected 
from the action of the fire and products of combustion. 

72. Wet-bottom boilers shall have a clear space of not less m 

, ' » i i m Wet-bot- 

than twelve (12) inches between the bottom of the boiler torn 

v ' boilers. 

and the floor line. 



48 



Part III. — Section 5. 



Safety- 
valves 
on steam 
pipes. 

Safety- 
valves 
on super- 
heaters. 



Stop 

valves. 



Section 5. 

1. A safety valve shall not be connected to an internal 
pipe placed in the steam space of a boiler. 

2. When a superheater can be shut off from the boiler, 
whether attached or separately fired, it shall have an ample 
safety valve at or near the steam inlet. 

3. Each steam outlet from a boiler which is over two (2) 
inches in diameter (except a safety valve connection) shall be 

fitted with a stop valve or valves of the outside screw and yoke type, 
located as near the boiler as practicable. 

4. The stop valve or valves on the main steam pipe of a boiler shall 
be extra heavy when the pressure allowed exceeds one hundred and 
thirty-five (135) pounds. The fittings from boiler up to the valves shall 
be extra heavy, made to the manufacturers' standard for high pressures. 

5. Two stop valves of the outside screw and yoke type, with an ample 
valved drain between them, having an open discharge, shall be placed 
on the main steam pipe of a boiler having a manhole, and set in battery, 
when the pressure allowed on any boiler in the battery exceeds one 
hundred and thirty-five (135) pounds. 

6. The minimum number of threads that a pipe or nipple 
shall screw into a fitting is given in the following table : — 



Pipe 
threads. 



Size of pipe connection, in 
inches. 


1 and 1^4 


iy 2 and 2 


2y 2 to 4 
inclusive 


4% to 6 

inclusive 


7 and 8 


9 and 10 


12 


Number of threads per 
inch. 


11% 


11V 2 


8 


8 


8 


8 


8 


Minimum number of 
threads into fitting. 


4 


5 


7 


8 


10 


12 


13 



7. All boilers set in battery and superheating the steam they generate 
over 80° Fahrenheit shall have two (2) stop valves, with an ample valved 
drain between them having an open discharge. 

8. The feed pipe of a boiler shall have open end or ends. 
piping. When a globe valve is used on a feed pipe, the inlet shall be 

under the disc of the valve. 

9. The feed water shall discharge about three-fifths (f) the length 
of a horizontal return tubular boiler from the front head (except a 
horizontal return tubular boiler equipped with an auxiliary feed water 
heating and circulating device), and at or about the central rows of 
tubes above the tubes, when the diameter of the boiler exceeds thirty- 
six (36) inches and the pressure allowed exceeds twenty-five (25) pounds 



Part III. — Section 5. 49 

per square inch. The feed pipe shall be carried through the head or 
shell with a brass or steel boiler bushing (or the opening re-enforced), 
and securely fastened inside the shell above the tubes. 

10. Feed water shall not discharge in a boiler in close „ - 

c Feed-water 

proximity to riveted joints in shell or furnace sheets. discharge. 

11. When boilers of fifty (50) horse power or over are set _ . 

in battery, each boiler shall have two (2) stop valves, or a feed Piping* 
stop valve and stop cock, on the feed pipe, one (1) on each side of the 
check valve. 

12. When a pump, inspirator or injector is required to Feed . water 
supply feed water to a boiler of over fifty (50) horse power, appliances, 
more than one such mechanical appliance shall be provided. 

13. The temperature of the usual feed water entering a 
boiler, except the boiler of a steam fire engine, shall not be affioif 
less than 120° Fahrenheit when the pressure allowed exceeds 
twenty-five (25) pounds per square inch. 

14. The maximum size of a surface blow-off pipe shall not Surface 
exceed one and one-half (1J) inches, and it shall be carried wow-off. 
through the shell or head with a brass or steel boiler bushing, or the 
opening re-enforced. 

15. Each boiler shall have a bottom blow-off pipe, fitted Bottom 
with a valve or cock, in direct connection with the lowest a ) JJ d w ' off 
water space practicable; the minimum size of pipe and fit- fittings, 
tings shall be one (1) inch and the maximum size shall be two and 
one-half (2 J) inches. Globe valves shall not be used. 

16. A bottom blow-off cock shall have the plug held in place by a 
guard or gland. The end of the plug shall be distinctly marked in 
line with its passage. 

17. When the pressure allowed on a boiler exceeds twenty-five (25) 
pounds per square inch, the bottom blow-off pipe and fittings, from 
the boiler to the valve or valves, shall be extra heavy. 

18. When the pressure allowed on a boiler exceeds one hundred 
and thirty-five (135) pounds per square inch, the bottom blow-off pipe 
shall have two (2) valves, or a valve and a cock; and such valves, or 
valve and cock, shall be extra heavy. 

19. A bottom blow-off pipe shall be protected from the products of 
combustion by a fire-brick casing, substantial cast-iron removable 
sleeve, or covering of non-conducting material. 

20. An opening in brickwork for a blow-off pipe shall be fitted with 
an ample cast or wrought iron sleeve, to provide for free expansion and 
contraction. 

21. The minimum size of a clean-out door to be placed in clean . out 
a boiler setting shall be twelve by sixteen (12 x 16) inches, d00rs - 



50 Part III. — Section 6. 

or equivalent area, twelve (12) inches to be the least dimension in any 

case. 

Water 22. The minimum size of pipes connecting the water col- 

column . . 

pipes. umn of a boiler shall be one (1) inch. 

23. The water connection to the water column of a boiler shall be 
of brass when the allowable pressure exceeds twenty-five (25) pounds 
per square inch. 

24. The steam connection to the water column of a horizontal return 
tubular boiler shall be taken from the top of shell or the upper part of 
head ; the water connection shall be taken from a point not less than 
six (6) inches below the center line of the shell. 

25. No connections, except for damper regulator, feed-water regu- 
lator, drains or steam gages, shall be placed on the pipes connecting a 
water column to a boiler. 

26. When shut-off valves are placed on the pipes connecting a water 
column to a boiler, these valves shall be of the straight-way outside 
screw and yoke type, and shall be locked or sealed open. 

27. No water glass connection shall be fitted with an automatic 
shut-off valve. 

28. Provision shall be made for the expansion and contrac- 
mams. tion of steam mains connected to all boilers, with substantial 

anchorage at suitable points, that there may be no perceptible vibra- 
tion on the boiler shell plates. 

29. Steam reservoirs shall be used on steam mains when heavy pulsa- 
tions of the steam currents cause vibration on the boiler shell plates. 
Super- 30. All superheaters shall be fitted with drains from 

drains. headers or drums where water of condensation can collect. 

_ . , 31. The sections for a cast-iron boiler shall be tested by 

Cast-iron J 

sections. hydrostatic pressure to not less than sixty (60) pounds per 
square inch before being assembled. 

Section 6. 

1. When the owner or user, or prospective owner or user, 

for permis- w i s hes to install a boiler which was not within this Common- 
sion to 

install wealth on May 14, 1909 (except a portable boiler, as pro- 

Massacnu- yided in paragraph 2 of this section), and which does not 
standard, conform in every detail with the rules of construction form- 
ulated by this Board, he shall make request, on a form to be furnished 
by this Board, for permission to install such boiler; said form shall 
require detailed information concerning the boiler, and a sworn state- 
ment from the person making the request. The boiler may be installed, 
after thorough internal and external inspection and hydrostatic pres- 



Part III. — Section 6. 51 

sure test by a member of the boiler inspection department of the dis- 
trict police, upon the receipt of the written approval of this Board, 
which shall be forwarded to both the person making the request and 
the chief inspector of the boiler inspection department of the district 
police. Where reports of tests of material cannot be furnished by the 
person making this request, and it is deemed necessary by the inspector 
to cut test pieces from the boiler or to remove rivets to ascertain their 
size or quality, all necessary expense for so doing shall be borne by the 
person making this request. Five and one-half (5£) shall be the 
lowest factor of safety used in calculating the maximum allowable 
working pressure on the shell or drum of a boiler installed in accord- 
ance with this paragraph. The longitudinal joints of such boiler must 
be in accord with the provisions of paragraphs 5, 6 or 7, section 4, 
Part III. of these Kules. The word "owner," or "user," in this 
paragraph, shall not be construed to mean the manufacturer or seller 
of a boiler. If such boiler is not installed within twelve (12) months 
from the date of approval, such approval shall be null and void. 

2. A portable boiler which has been used in this Common- p or tabie 
wealth and removed therefrom, which does not conform in bollers - 
every detail with the rules of construction formulated by this Board, 
and has been previously inspected by a member of the boiler inspection 
department of the district police, or by an inspector of an insurance 
company authorized to insure steam boilers in this Commonwealth, 
may be inspected and a certificate of inspection issued if relocated in 
this Commonwealth. 

Section 1, chapter 393, Acts of 1909, provides that: "A BO ii e rs in 
boiler in this Commonwealth at the time of the passage of before°May 
this act, which does not conform to the rules of construe- il'nnKPre- 
tion formulated by the board of boiler rules may be installed mstalled - 
after a thorough internal and external inspection and hydrostatic 
pressure test by a member of the boiler inspection department of the 
district police, or by an inspector holding a certificate of competency 
as an inspector, of steam boilers, as provided by section six of chapter 
four hundred and sixty-five of the acts of the year nineteen hundred 
and seven, and employed by the company insuring the boiler. The 
pressure allowed on such boilers is to be ascertained by rules formulated 
by the'board of boiler rules." {Approved May 14, 1909.) 

3. The lowest factors of safety to be used in calculating Factor s of 
the maximum allowable pressure on boilers which were in safety - 
this Commonwealth on or before May 14, 1909, and which are not 
Massachusetts Standard, or which have not been passed by joint in- 
spection, if hereafter installed, shall be as follows : — 



52 Part III. — Section 6. 

(a) Six (6) for boilers the longitudinal joints of which are of lap- 
riveted construction, and the shells or drums of which are not exposed 
to the products of combustion. 

(b) Six (6) for boilers the longitudinal joints of which are of lap- 
riveted construction, and the shells or drums of which are exposed 
to the products of combustion, diameters up to and including thirty- 
six (36) inches. 

(c) Eight (8) for boilers the longitudinal joints of which are of lap- 
riveted construction, and the shells or drums of which are exposed 
to the products of combustion, diameters over thirty-six (36) inches. 

(d) Four and five-tenths (4.5) for boilers the longitudinal joints of 
which are of butt and double-strap construction, age not exceeding 
ten (10) years. 

(e) Five (5) for boilers the longitudinal joints of which are of butt 
and double-strap construction, age over ten (10) years. 

The hydrostatic pressure test on such boilers shall be one and 
one-half (1J) times the maximum allowable pressure obtained by using 
the above factors of safety. 

All rules and parts of rules inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed. 

Joseph H. McNeill. 
John A. Stevens. - 
Frederic H. Keyes. 

EOBERT J. DUNKLE. 

William M. Beck. 
Approved : 

EBEN S. DRAPER, 

Governor. 

Aug. 5, 1909. 



Recommendations by the Board op Boiler Rules. 53 



RECOMMENDATIONS MADE BY THE BOARD OF 
BOILER RULES. 



1. This Board recommends the installation of more than one 
safety valve on a boiler permitted to carry over twenty-five (25) 
pounds pressure per square inch. 

2. This Board does not recommend the use of externally fired 
boilers over eighty-four (84) inches in diameter. 

3. This Board does not recommend a steam dome on a boiler, 
but does recommend the use of a deflecting plate, or a dry pipe 
located at the highest point of the steam space, and having closed 
ends and small slotted or drilled openings on its upper part, a 
total area of openings not less than twice the area of the outlet, 
and an ample drain opening at the lowest point. 

4. This Board does not recommend the use of cast-iron or copper 
steam pipe. 

5. This Board does not recommend attaching diagonal stays to 
shell plates directly over the fire. 

6. This Board recommends elliptical handholes of the follow- 
ing sizes : — 

Two and one-fourth by three and one-fourth (2 J X 3 J) inches. 
Two and five-eighths by three and three-fourths (2-f X 3£) inches. 
Three by four and one-half (3 X H) inches. 
Three and one-half by five (3J X 5) inches. 
Four by six (4 X 6) inches. 



54 Eecommendations by the Board of Boiler Exiles. 

7. This Board recommends discontinuing from service, and not 
repairing, a boiler on which a longitudinal lap crack is discovered. 

8. This Board does not recommend the O. G. form of construc- 
tion at the lower end of furnace sheets. 

9. This Board does not recommend the use of lead manhole 
gaskets below the water line. 



INDEX. 






INDEX TO RULES. 



Acid method, open-hearth steel, . 
Adamson furnace, .... 
Allowable loads on stay-bolts, table of, 

loads on stays, table of, 

stress on stays and stay-bolts, 
Angles on H. R. T. boiler heads, 36" or less diameter, 
Annual external inspection, ...... 

inspection of cast-iron and pipe boilers, 

internal inspection, ..... 
Area of grate, horse power rating, 

grate surface, table of, for safety valves not spring-loaded, 

grate surface, table of, for spring-loaded safety valves, 

head, having manhole, to be stayed, 

rivets, table of, . 

segment, formula for, . 

segment, to be stayed, 

segments, table of, . 
Automatic shut-off valves, not allowed on water glass, 



B. 

Basic method, open-hearth steel, 

Beading tubes, ..... 

Bending tests, cold and quenched, of steel, 

Bending test specimens, 

Blank flanges, thickness of, 

Blow-off pipe, ..... 

pipe and fittings, 
Board of Boiler Rules, to approve fac-simile of stamp, 

to approve location of stamp, 

to approve special longitudinal joints, 

to approve special material, 
Boiler, builder's stamps not to be covered, 

builder's stamps, location of, 

bushing, for feed-pipe connection, 

bushing for H. R. T. boiler feed-pipe connection, 

bushing for surface blow-off connection, 

horse power rating, .... 

in State before May 14, 1909, 

inspector to stamp boilers, . 

manufacturer to report MASS. STD. boilers, 

not MASS. STD., . - . 

portable, ....•• 

shops, open for inspection, . 





Page 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 




21 


1-3 


1 


3 




34 


21 


4 


3 




42 


37,38 


4 


3 




43 


39 


4 


3 




41 


35 


4 


3 




30 


4 


4 


3 




.12 


1-4 


5 


2 




13 


2 


6 


2 


„ 


11 


1-5 


4 


2 


„ 


11 


1,2 


3 


2 


, 


4 


6 


1 


1 




7 


3 


2 


2 




.40 


31 


4 


3 


,. 


. 5 


6 


1 


2 




.39 


30 


4 


3 


„ 


38 


28 


4 


3 


„ 


39 


29 


4 


3 


•• 


50 


27 


5 


3 




21 


1-3 


1 


3 




44 


49 


4 


3 




22 


7 


1 


3 




23 


11, 12 


1 


3 




43 


41 


4 


3 




4 


7 


1 


1 




49 


14-20 


5 


3 




26 


2 


3 


3 




27 


5(?) 


3 


3 




33 


7 


4 


3 




28 


1 


4 


3 




28 


6 


3 


3 




27 


5 


3 


3 




44 


53 


4 


3 




48 


9 


5 


3 




49 


14 


5 


3 




11 


1,2 


3 


2 




51 


3 


6 


3 




26 


2 


3 


3 




27 


4 


3 


3 




50 


1 


6 


3 




51 


2 


6 


3 




28 


7 


3 


3 



58 



Index to Eules. 



Boiler, to be prepared for inspection, . 

to be stamped MASS. STD., 

wet-bottom, distance from floor line, 
Boilers, set in battery, 

set in battery, .... 
Brackets, to support H. R. T. boilers, . 
Bronze composition flange, or nozzle, . 
Butt and double-strap joints (see joints). 
Butt straps, material of, 

table of thickness of, . 

to be rolled, or formed, 



c. 



Calking, ...... 

Cast-iron boiler, hydrostatic pressure test of, 

maximum pressure allowed on, 

sections to be tested, . 
Cast-iron brackets, .... 

flanges, ..... 

headers, maximum pressure allowed on, 

nozzles, ..... 

tensile strength of, . 
Cast steel (see steel). 
Certificate of inspection, standard form of, 

to be posted, 

to be removed, . 

to be withheld, . 
Check valve on feed pipe, 

on return pipe, . 
Chemical analysis of steel, 

properties of steel, 
Circular manhole opening, 
Circumferential joints (see joints) 
Clean-out door in setting, . 
Cock (see valves). 
Cold bending specimens, number of, 

test of steel, 
Combined area of safety valves, . 
Combustion chambers, material of, 
Connected boilers, safety valves not spring-loaded, 

safety valves spring-loaded, 
Connections, safety valve, . 

water column, .... 
Construction inspection, 
Contraction of steam mains, provision for, 
Convex and concave heads, 
Corrugated furnace, .... 
Crushing strength of mild steel, . 

applied to joints, 
Curved surfaces to be stayed, 



D. 



Page 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


11 


1,2 


4 


2 


26 


2 


3 


3 


47 


72 


4 


3 


48 


5,7 


5 


3 


49 


11 


5 


3 


47 


68-70 


4 


3 


44 


53 


4 


3 


25 


1 


2 


3 


33 


13 


4 


3 


33 


14 


4 


3 


44 


46 


4 


3 


13 


2 


6 


2 


5 


1 


1 


2 


50 


31 


5 


3 


47 


68-70 


4 


3 


43 


41 


4 


3 


5 


2 


1 


2 


43 


40 


4 


3 


26 


5 


2 


3 


19 


1 


8 


2 


20 


2 


8 


2 


20 


• 2 


8 


2 


12 


2 


4 


2 


10 


19 


2 


2 


11 


24,25 


2 


2 


24 


15 


1 


3 


21 


3 


1 


3 


45 


54 


4 


3 



49 



21 



Damper regulator, connect to steam space, 

connected to water column, . 
Data report, boiler manufacturers, 



23 


12 


1 


3 


22 


7 


1 


3 


7 


6 


2 


2 


25 


2 


2 


3 


3 


5 


1 


1 


6 


2 


2 


2 


7 


7 


2 


2 


50 


23-25 


5 


3 


28 


7 


3 


3 


50 


28 


5 


3 


34 


16-18 


4 


3 


34 


21 


4 


3 


5 


4 


1 


2 


13 


1 


7 


2 


40 


34 


4 


3 


10 


22 


2 


2 


50 


25 


5 


3 


27 


4 


3 


3 



Index to Eules. 



59 



Diagonal tube holes in shell or drum, . 
Dial of steam gage, ..... 
Diameter of fusible metal in fusible plug, 

rivet holes, old boilers, 
Direct spring-loaded safety valve, construction of, 
District police lock-pop safety valve, . 
Door frame ring, material of, 
Door in setting, minimum size of, 
Drain from stop valves (superheated steam), 
Drains from stop valves, .... 

from superheater, .... 

Drilling rivet holes, ..... 

tube holes, ..... 

Drum or shell, longitudinal joints of (see joints). 

mateaial of, ..... 



Page 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


30 


3 


4 


3 


10 


14 


2 


2 


8 


11 


2 


2 


2 


4 


1 


1 


8 


9 


2 


2 


5 


3 


1 


2 


26 


10, 11 


2 


3 


49 


21 


5 


3 


48 


7 


5 


3 


10 


21 


2 


2 


50 


30 


5 


3 


44 


43 


4 


3 


44 


47 


4 


3 



25 



E. 

Edge of plate to center of rivet, . 
Efficiency of ligament, between tube holes, 

between diagonal tube holes, 
Efficiency of riveted joints, to calculate, 
Elbow on escape pipe, 
Elliptical manhole, size of, . 
Elongation, modifications in, 

stays and stay-bolts, tested material, 

of steel, ..... 
End of feed pipe, to be open, 
Ends of stay-bolts, to be riveted over, 

stays, below tubes, 

tubes, fire-tube boilers, 

tubes, water-tube boilers, and superheaters, 
Equalizer, to support H. R. T. boilers, 
Escape pipe, from safety valve, . 
Expansion of steam mains, provision for, 
External inspection, annual, 
Extra heavy fittings on blow-off, 

stop valves and fittings, 
Extra soft steel, properties of, 

rivets, .... 

Extra thick tube, for fusible plug, 



44 


42 


4 


3 


28 


2 


4 


3 


30 


3 


4 


3 


13-18 


1-6 


7 


2 


7 


7 


2 


2 


45 


54 


4 


3 


22 


6 


1 


3 


41 


36 


4 


3 


21 


5 


1 


3 


48 


8 


5 


3 


34 


20 


4 


3 


40 


32 


4 


3 


44 


49 


4 


3 


44 


50,51 


4 


3 


47 


67 


4 


3 


7 


7 


2 


2 


50 


28 


5 


3 


12 


1-4 


5 


2 


49 


17, 18 


5 


3 


48 


4 


5 


3 


21 


3, 5 


1 


3 


26 


3 


2 


3 


44 


52 


4 


3 



F. 



Factor of safety, for new boilers, 

stays and stay-bolts, tested material, 
Factors of safety, for old butt joint boilers, 

for lap joint boilers, 

old boilers, if hereafter installed, . 
Feeding against maximum pressure, 
Feed pipe, ends to be open, 

fittings on, 

valves on, . 
Feed water, discharge, 

discharge clear of joints, 

discharge in H. R. T. boiler, 

regulator, connection to, 



28 


1 


4 


3 


41 


36 


4 


3 


2 


3 


1 


1 


6 


7 


1 


2 


51 


3 


6 


3 


10 


19 


2 


2 


48 


S 


5 


3 


10 


19 


2 


2 


49 


11 


5 


3 


10 


19 


2 


2 


49 


10 


5 


3 


48 


9 


5 


3 


50 


25 


5 


3 



60 



Index to Rules. 



Feed water, supply apparatus, ..... 

temperature of, ...... 

Figure 1, return pipes to heating boilers, 

2, lap joint, longitudinal or circumferential, single 
riveted, ....... 

3, lap joint, longitudinal or circumferential, double 
riveted, ....... 

4, butt and double-strap joint, double-riveted, 

5, butt and double-strap joint, triple-riveted, 

6, butt and double-strap joint, quadruple-riveted, 

7, standard test specimen, .... 

8, tube holes in shell or drum, equal pitch, 

9, tube holes in shell or drum, unequal pitch, 

10, tube holes in shell or drum, unequal pitch, 

11, diagonal tube holes in shell or drum, 

12, staying head, 30" H. R. T. boiler, . 

13, staying head, 36" H. R. T. boiler, . 

14, location of stay-bolts on furnace sheet, V. T. boiler, 

15, area of head to be stayed, 

16, area of head to be stayed, 

17, area of head, having manhole, to be stayed, 

18, riveting of manhole frame, 
Finish of material, ..... 
Fire-box steel, for shells, drums and butt straps, 

properties of, .... . 

Fire-brick casing, for blow-off pipe, 
Fire grate, height of, . 
Fire-tube boiler, manhole in, 
Flange, of manhole opening, 
Flanges, cast-iron, thickness of, . 

reinforcing, thickness and material of, . 
Flange steel, properties of, . 
Flat surfaces, to be stayed, 

Floor line, distance from, to wet-bottom boiler, 
Formula, for area of safety valve, 

for area of segment, .... 

for bending moment of beam, 

for diameter of stay-bolts at bottom of thread, 

for efficiency of ligament between tube holes, 

for efficiency of ligament between diagonal tube holes, 

for longitudinal pitch, stay-bolts, furnace 38" or less, 

for pitch of staybolts, flat surface, 

for pressure on a shell or drum, 

for pressure on a shell or drum, 

for thickness of cast-iron nozzles, . 

for thickness of convex and concave heads, 
Furnaces, or flanged plates, material of, 
Furnace sheets, stamps to be visible on, 
Fusible plug, in a tube, . . 

Fusible plugs, diameter of, ... 

location of, ..... 

material of, . 



'age 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


49 


12 


5 


3 


49 


13 


5 


3 


11 


- 


— 


— 



13 



14 


- 


- 


- 


15 


- 


- 


- 


16 


- 


- 


- 


18 


- 


- 


- 


23 


- 


- 


- 


29 


- 


- 


- 


29 


- 


- 


- 


29 


- 


- 


- 


30 


» 


- 


- 


31 


- 


- 


- 


32 


- 


- 


- 


37 


- 


- 


- 


38 


- 


- 


- 


38 


- 


- 


- 


40 


- 


- 


- 


46 


- 


- 


- 


25 


17 


1 


3 


25 


1 


2 


3 


21 


3,5 


1 


3 


49 


19 


5 


3 


47 


71 


4 


3 


45 


55 


4 


3 


40 


31 


4 


3 


43 


41 


4 


3 


44 


53 


4 


3 


21 


3, 5 


1 


3 


40 


34 


4 


3 


47 


72 


4 


3 


7 


4 


2 


2 


39 


30 


4 


3 


30 


4 


4 


3 


42 


37 


4 


3 


28 


2 


4 


3 


30 


3 


4 


3 


36 


23 


4 


3 


34 


21 


4 


3 


2 


1 


1 


1 


28 


1 


4 


3 


43 


40 


4 


3 


34 


16 


4 


3 


25 


2 


2 


3 


26 


1 


3 


3 


44 


52 


4 


3 


8 


11 


2 


2 


8 


12 


2 


2 


8 


10 


2 


2 



Index to Eules. 



61 



G. 



Gage cocks, .... 
Gage, inspector's, connection for, 

inspector's, to be attached, . 

steam and connections, 

steam, dial of, 

steam, testing of, 
Globe valve, not to be used on blow-off, 

on feed pipe, 
Grate, height of, 

surface, table of, for safety valves not spring-loaded, 

surface, table of, for safety valves spring loaded, 
Gravity return system, valves on, 



Page 




Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


10 


17 


18 


2 


2 


10 




15 


2 


2 


12 




2 


5 


2 


10 




13 


2 


2 


10 




14 


2 


2 


12 




5 


4 


2 


49 




15 


5 


3 


48 




8 


5 


3 


47 




71 


4 


3 


4 




6 


1 


1 


7 




3 


2 


■2 


11 


24, 


25 


2 


2 



H. 

Hammer test, of boilers, 
Handhole, solid plate around, 
Handholes, in H. R. T. boiler, 

in locomotive type boiler, 

in vertical fire-tube boiler, . 
Headers, cast-iron, 
Heads, area of segments to be stayed, 

convex and concave, . 

material of, ... 

segments of, to be stayed, 

stamps to be visible, . 

to be stamped, . 

to be stayed below tubes, 
Heating boilers, return connections, 
Heat number, on plates, 

Height of furnace, V. T. boiler, measurement of, 
Hollow stay-bolts, 
Homogeneity tests, . 

for fire-box steel, 
Horizontal return tubular boilers, 36" or less, staying heads of 

location of feed-water discharge, 

longitudinal joints, to be above fire-line, 

manhole below tubes, . 

manhole or handhole below tubes, 

maximum length of joint, 

method of supporting, 

staying heads of, 

staying heads of, below tubes, 

water column connections, . 
Horse power rating, . 
Hydrostatic pressure test, . 

on sections of cast-iron boiler, 
Hydrostatic test, old boilers, if hereafter installed, 



12 




3 


4 


2 


47 




66 


4 


3 


46 


61 


62 


4 


3 


46 




63 


4 


3 


46 




64 


4 


3 


5 




2 


1 


2 


38 




28 


4 


3 


34 


16 


-18 


4 


3 


25 




2 


2 


3 


37 




27 


4 


3 


26 




1 


3 


3 


25 




20 


1 


3 


40 




31 


4 


3 


11 


24, 


25 


2 


2 


25 




18 


1 


3 


37 




25 


4 


3 


34 




21 


4 


3 


22 




8 


1 


3 


23 




13 


1 


3 


30 




4 


4 


3 


48 




9 


5 


3 


33 




8 


4 


3 


46 




60 


4 


3 


46 


61, 


62 


4 


3 


33 




9 


4 


3 


47 


67 


-69 


4 


3 


37 




27 


4 


3 


40 


31, 


32 


4 


3 


50 




24 


5 


3 


11 




1,2 


3 


2 


12 




1-3 


6 


2 


50 




31 


5 


3 


51 




3 


6 


3 



I. 



Inspection, certificate, standard form of, 
certificate to be posted, 
certificate to be removed, 



19 


1 


8 


2 


20 


2 


S 


2 


20 


2 


8 


2 



62 



Index to Rules. 



Inspection, certificate to be withheld, 

external, . . . . 

internal, .... 

of cast-iron or pipe boilers, . 
Inspector's test gage connection, 
Inspirator or injector, used to feed boiler, 
Internally fired boiler, 38" furnace or less, circumf erentia 
bolting, ..... 

38" furnace or less, longitudinal stay-bolting, 
Internal pipe, in steam space, 
Iron, cast (see castiron).- 

rivets, shearing strength of, . 

wrought, tensile strength, old boilers, 

wrought, stays and stay-bolts, 

wrought, waterleg and door frame rings, 



stay- 



Page 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


12 


2 


4 


2 


12 


1-4 


5 


2 


11 


1-5 


4 


2 


13 


2 


6 


2 


10 


15 


2 


2 


49 


12 


5 


3 


35 


22 


4 


3 


36 


23 


4 


3 


48 


1 


5 


3 


5 


5, 6 


1 


2 


2 


2 


1 


1 


41 


35-39 


4 


3 


26 


10, 11 


2 


3 



J. 

Joints, butt and double-strap, factor of safety for, 

butt and double-strap, factors of safety for, . 

butt and double-strap, required on shell or drum over 36 
diameter, . . . 

butt and double-strap, double-riveted, example of, 

butt and double-strap, triple-riveted, example of, . 

butt and double-strap, quadruple-riveted, example of, 

calking of, . 

lap-riveted, allowed on shell or drum not over 36" diameter 

lap-riveted, factors of safety for, .... 

lap-riveted, factors of safety for, .... 

lap, single-riveted, longitudinal or circumferential, ex- 
ample of, ...... 

lap, double-riveted, longitudinal or circumferential, ex 
ample of, ...... 

longitudinal, location of rivet holes on, . 

longitudinal, of furnace, V. T. boiler, to be stay-bolted, 

longitudinal, of H. R. T. boiler, to be above fire line, 

longitudinal, maximum length of, ... 

longitudinal, to be submitted to the Board for approval, 



2 


3 


1 


1 


51 


3 


6 


3 


33 


5 


4 


3 


15 


4 


7 


2 


16 


5 


7 


2 


18 


6 


7 


2 


44 


46 


4 


3 


33 


6 


4 


3 


6 


7 


1 


2 


51 


3 


6 


3 



13 



14 


3 


7 


2 


44 


42 


4 


3 


37 


23 


4 


3 


33 


8 


4 


3 


33 


9 


4 


3 


33 


7 


4 


3 



L. 

Lamphrey fronts, valves on, . . 

Lap-riveted joints (see joints). 
Laying out shell plates, furnace sheets and heads, 
Ligament between tube holes, in shell or drum, 
Load allowed on stay-bolts, example of, 
Location, of fusible plugs, . 

of MASS. STD. stamps, ■ . 

of plate manufacturer's stamps, 
Locomotive type boiler, handholes in, 

open-bottom, height of grate, 

maximum length of joint, 

staying heads of, 

waterleg and door frame rings, 
Longitudinal joints (see joints). 
Lugs, to support H. R. T. boiler, 



10 



23 



26 




1 


3 


3 


28-30 




2,3 


4 


3 


40 




34 


4 


3 


8 




12 


2 


2 


27 




5 


3 


3 


25 


18 


-20 


1 


3 


46 




63 


4 


3 


47 




71 


4 


3 


33 




9 


4 


3 


37 




27 


4 


3 


26 




11 


2 


3 


47 


67 


-70 


4 


3 



Index to Rules. 



63 



M. 



Main steam pipe, stop valves on, 

Manganese, allowable in steel, .... 

Manhole, below tubes, H. R. T. boiler, . 

below tubes, H. R. T. boiler, staying of, 

frame, material of, .... 

frame, riveting of, . . . 

in any fire-tube boiler, over 40" diameter, 

openings, minimum sizes of, ... 

plates, material of, .... . 

plates, yokes and bolts, strength of, 
MASSACHUSETTS STANDARD stamp, on boilers, 
Measurements to be taken, by boiler inspector, 
Modifications in elongation, .... 

Mud drums, material of, 



N. 



Nozzles, formula for, 

material of, 
Numbers, serial, 



o. 



Open-hearth steel, ..... 

Openings, to be reinforced, 

Outside screw and yoke valves, on steam pipe, 

on water column, .... 

Overweight of plates, table of allowance for, 

P. 

Phosphorus allowable in steel, 
Physical properties of steel, 
Pipe boilers, hydrostatic pressure test of, 
Pipe, bottom blow-off, 

bottom blow-off, and fittings, 

feed, and fittings, 

in steam space, . 

main steam, valves on, 

or nipple, number of threads into fitting, 

surface blow-off, and fittings, 

water column, and fittings, . 
Pitch of stay-bolts, 

Plate manufacturers to stamp plates and heads, 
Plates, gage of, in shell or drum, 

minimum thickness of, in a boiler, 

minimum thickness of, stayed flat surface, 
Portable boilers, ..... 

Preparing boiler for inspection, . 
Pressure, allowed on boiler fitted with D. P. safety 

allowed on cast-iron boiler, . 

allowed on cast-iron headers, 

allowed on shell or drum, formula for, 

allowed on shell or drum, formula for, 

parts of superheaters, material of, 
Pump, to supply feed water, 



valve, 



Page 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


48 


4, 5 


5 


3 


21 


3 


1 


3 


46 


60-62 


4 


3 


40 


32 


4 


3 


45 


56 


4 


3 


45 


57 


4 


3 


45 


55 


4 


3 


45 


54 


4 


3 


45 


59 


4 


3 


45 


58 


4 


3 


' 26 


2 


3 


3 


12 


4 


4 


2 


22 


6 


1 


3 


26 


7 


2 


3 


43 


40 


4 


3 


44 


53 


4 


3 


27 


3 


3 


3 


21 


1 


1 


3 


44 


53 


4 


3 


48 


3-5 


5 


3 


50 


26 


5 


3 


25 


16 


1 


3 


21 


3 


1 


3 


21 


5 


1 


3 


13 


2 


6 


2 


4 


7 


1 


1 


49 


15-20 


5 


3 


10 


19 


2 


2 


48 


1 


5 


3 


48 


4,5 


5 


3 


48 


6 


5 


3 


49 


14 


5 


3 


50 


22-27 


5 


3 


34-37 


21-25 


4 


3 


25 


18-20 


1 


3 


33 


10 


4 


3 


33 


11, 12 


4 


3 


34 


19 


4 


3 


51 


2 


6 


3 


11 


1,2 


4 


2 


5 


3 


1 


2 


5 


1 


1 


2 


5 


2 


1 


2 


2 


1 


1 


1 


28 


1 


4 


3 


26 


8 


2 


3 


49 


12 


5 


3 



64 



Index to Eules. 



Quenched bending test of steel, . 
specimens, number of, 

R. 

Recommendations made by the Board, 

Reinforced openings in shells, drums or heads, 

Request to install a boiler not MASS. STD., 

Reservoirs, on steam mains, 

Return pipe, valves on, 

Riveting, ...... 

Rivet rounds, testing of, 

Rivets, allowable shearing strength of, 

old boilers, diameter and cross-sectional area of, 

in shear on lugs or brackets, 

in shear on manhole frames, 

material of, .... 

steel, properties of, 

table of shearing strength, . 
Rules, inconsistent, repealed, 



s. 

Safety valve, connections, . 

construction, .... 

district police lock-pop, 

formula for, .... 

not allowed on internal pipe, 

on superheater, .... 

required on boiler, 

test of, .... 
Safety valves, not spring-loaded, size of, 

not spring-loaded, table of grate area for, 

spring-loaded, size of, . 

spring-loaded, table of grate area for, 
Scotch type boiler, staying heads of, 
Sections of cast-iron boiler, to be tested, 
Segment, formula for, 

of head, area to be stayed, . 

of head, to be stayed, . 
Segments, table of, . '. 

Serial numbers, . : 

Shell or drum, longitudinal joints of, 

material of, : 

to determine allowable pressure on, 

to determine allowable pressure on, 
Shell plate, thickness of, . : 

Shut-off valves on water column pipes, 
Solid plate around handhole opening, . 
Specification for steel, '. : 

Stamping boiler, MASSACHUSETTS STANDARD, 
Stamps, MASS. STD., location of, 

required on plates and heads, 

to be visible on shell plates, furnace sheets and heads, 
Standard test specimen, ...... 



Page 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


22 


7 


1 


3 


23 


12 


1 


3 


53, 54 








44 


53 


4 


3 


50 


1 


6 


3 


50 


29 


5 


3 


11 


24,25 


2 


2 


44 


42-45 


4 


3 


22 


7 


1 


3 


5 


5 


1 


2 


2 


4 


1 


1 


47 


70 


4 


3 


45 


57 


4 


3 


26 


3 


2 


3 


21 


3-5 


1 


3 


5 


6 


1 


2 


52 






— 


7 


6,7 


2 


2 


8 


8, 9 


2 


2 


5 


3 


1 


2 


7 


4 


2 


2 


48 


1 


5 


3 


48 


2 


5 


3 


6 


1 


2 


2 


12 


3 


5 


2 


3 


5 


1 


1 


4 


6 


1 


1 


6 


2 


2 


2 


7 


3 


2 


2 


37 


27 


4 


3 


50 


31 


5 


3 


39 


30 


4 


3 


38 


28 


4 


3 


37 


27 


4 


3 


39 


29 


4 


3 


27 


3 


3 


3 


33 


5-7 


4 


3 


25 


1 


2 


3 


2 


1 


1 


1 


28 


1 


4 


3 


33 


10-12 


4 


3 


50 


26 


5 


3 


47 


66 


4 


3 


21 


1-5 


1 


3 


26 


2 


3 


3 


27 


5 


3 


3 


25 


18-20 


1 


3 


26 


1 


3 


3 


23 


11 


1 


3 



Index to Rules. 



65 



Stay-bolted surface, to compute allowable pressure on, 
Stay-bolts, adjacent to furnace door, etc., 

adjacent to furnace joint, V. T. boiler, 

ends of, .... 

pitch of, . 

tables of allowable load on, . 
Stay-rods, ends riveted over, maximum length of, 
Stays below tubes, .... 
Stayed flat surface, minimum thickness of, 
Staying heads, H. R. T. boiler, 36" or less diameter, 
Stays, table of allowable load on, . 

Stays and stay-bolts, allowable stress on, 

tested material, . 
Steam fire-engine, washout plugs, 
Steam gage and connections, 
Steam mains, anchorage of, 

reservoirs on, 
Steel, cast, tensile strength of, 

chemical and physical properties of, 

crushing strength of, . 

lugs and brackets, 

manhole frames and plates, 

manufacturer to stamp plates and heads 

rivets, shearing strength of, 

stays and staybolts, 

tensile strength, old boilers, 

weight of, per cubic inch, 

wrought or cast, for boiler and superheater parts, 
Stop valves (see valves). 
Sulphur, allowable in steel, 
Superheated steam, . 
Superheater, drains, . 

safety valve on, . 

tubes and nipples, 
Superheaters and mountings, 
Surface blow-off, 
Suspended type of setting H. R. T. boilers, 



Page 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


40 


34 


4 


3 


34 


21 


4 


3 


37 


26 


4 


3 


34 


20 


4 


3 


34-37 


21-25 


4 


3 


42 


37,38 


4 


3 


40 


33 


4 


3 


40 


32 


4 


3 


34 


19 


4 


3 


30 


4 


4 


3 


43 


39 


4 


3 


41 


35 


4 


3 


41 


36 


4 


3 


47 


65 


4 


3 


10 


13, 14 


2 


2 


50 


28 


5 


3 


50 


29 


5 


3 


26 


4 


2 


3 


21 


3,5 


1 


3 


5 


4 


1 


2 


47 


67-69 


4 


3 


45 


56-59 


4 


3 


25 


18-20 


1 


3 


5 


5, 6 


1 


2 


41 


35-39 


4 


3 


2 


2 


1 


1 


24 


16 


1 


3 


26 


6-11 


2 


3 


21 


3 


1 


3 


48 


7 


5 


3 


50 


30 


5 


3 


48 


2 


5 


3 


44 


50,51 


4 


3 


26 


8,9 


2 


3 


49 


14 


5 


3 


47 


67-69 


4 


3 



T. 

T bars (see angles). 

Table, allowable loads on stay-bolts, 12 threads per inch, 

allowable loads on stay-bolts, 10 threads per inch, . 

allowable loads on stays, 

allowances for overweight of plates, 

area of rivets, ..... 

area of segments, .... 

circumferential pitch of stay-bolts, 38" or less furnace, 

grate surfaces for spring-loaded safety valves, 

grate surfaces for safety valves, not spring-loaded, . 

longitudinal pitch of stay-bolts, 38" or less furnace, 

maximum allowable pitch of stay-bolts, 

minimum thickness of butt straps, 

number of threads of pipe or nipple into fitting, 

shearing strength of rivets, ..... 

thickness of boiler material required for threaded pipe con 
nections, ....... 



42 


37 


4 


3 


42 


38 


4 


3 


43 


39 


4 


3 


25 


16 


1 


3 


3 


4 


1 


1 


39 


29 


4 


3 


36 


22 


4 


3 


7 


3 


2 


2 


4 


6 


1 


1 


36 


23 


4 


3 


35 


21 


4 


3 


33 


13 


4 


3 


48 


6 


5 


3 


5 


6 


1 


2 



45 



53 



66 



Index to Eules. 



Temperature, for quenched bending test, 

of feed water, .... 

of superheat, .... 

of superheat, .... 
Tensile strength, of cast-iron, 

of cast steel, .... 

of steel or wrought-iron, old boilers, 

of steel, range of, ... 

stays and stay-bolts, tested material, 
Test, by hammer, .... 

hydrostatic, 

hydrostatic, .... 

hydrostatic, of cast-iron sections, . 

of safety valve, .... 

of steam gage, .... 
Tests, of steel, and methods of testing, 
Thickness, required for butt straps, 

required for shell plates, 

required for tube sheets, 
Threads, pipe or nipple into fitting, 
Tin, for fusible plugs, 
Tube ends, fire-tube boiler, to be beaded, 

water-tube boilers, and superheaters, 
Tube, for fusible plug, 
Tube holes, how made, 

diagonal, in shell or drum, 

in shell or drum, 
Tube sheets, thickness of, . 



Page 


Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


22 


7 


1 


3 


49 


13 


5 


3 


26 


9 


2 


3 


48 


7 


5 


3 


26 


5 


2 


3 


26 


4 


2 


3 


2 


2 ' 


1 


1 


21 


5 


1 


3 


41 


36 


4 


3 


12 


3 


4 


2 


12 


1-3 


6 


2 


51 


3 


6 


3 


50 


31 


5 


3 


12 


3 


5 


2 


12 


5 


4 


2 


22, 23 


7-13 


1 


3 


33 


13 


4 


3 


33 


12 


4 


3 


33 


15 


4 


3 


48 


6 


5 


3 


8 


10 


2 


2 


44 


49 


4 


3 


44 


50, 51 


4 


3 


44 


52 


4 


3 


44 


47, 48 


4 


3 


30 


3 


4 


3 


28 


2 


4 


3 


33 


15 


4 


3 



V. 

Valves, globe, not to be used on blow-off, 

globe, on feed pipe, 

of wrought or cast steel, 

on bottom blow-off, 

on bottom blow-off, 

extra heavy, on bottom blow-off, . 

on damper regulator pipe, 

on every steam outlet, 

on feed pipe, .... 

on feed pipe (boilers 50 h. p. or over), 

on Lamphrey fronts, . 

extra heavy, on main steam pipe, 

on main steam pipe (when steam is superheated), 

on main return pipe to heating boiler, . 

outside screw and yoke type, on steam pipes, 

outside screw and yoke type, on water column, 

automatic, on water glass, not allowed, 

safety (see safety valves). 
Variation in weight and gage of plates, 
Vertical fire-tube boiler, handholes in, . 

fire-tube boiler, height of fire grate, 

fire-tube boiler, steam fire-engine, 

fire-tube boiler, waterleg and door frame ring, 
Vertical -tubular boiler, maximum length of joint, 
Vibration of steam mains, ..... 



49 


15 


5 


3 


48 


8 


5 


3 


26 


9 


2 


3 


4 


7 


1 


1 


49 


15-18 


5 


3 


49 


18 


5 


3 


10 


22 


2 


2 


10 


20, 21 


2 


2 


10 


19 


2 


2 


49 


11 


5 


3 


10 


23 


2 


2 


48 


4,5 


5 


3 


48 


7 


5 


3 


11 


24, 25 


2 


2 


48 


3, 5 


5 


3 


50 


26 


5 


3 


50 


27 


5 


3 


24 


16 


1 


3 


46 


64 


4 


3 


47 


71 


4 


3 


47 


65 


4 


3 


26 


10 


2 


3 


33 


9 


4 


3 


50 


29 


5 


3 



Index to Rules. 



67 



w. 



Water column and connections, . 

Water glass and location of, 

Water glass, automatic valves not allowed, 

Waterleg rings, material of, 

Water-tube boilers, tubes and nipples, 

wrought or cast steel, parts of, 
Weight of steel (see steel). 
Wet-bottom boilers, height from floor line, 
Wrought iron (see iron). 
Wrought steel (see steel). 



Page Par. 


Sect. 


Part 


50 22-26 


5 


3 


10 16-18 


2 


2 


50 27 


5 


3 


26 10, 11 


2 


3 


44 50, 51 


4 


3 


26 6, 7 


2 


3 



47 



72 



Yield point, of steel, .... 
to determine, .... 
stays or stay-bolts, tested material, 



21 


5 


1 


3 


24 


14 


1 


3 


41 


36 


4 


3 



6 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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